# Physical Science Final Review – Full A...

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# Physical Science Final Review – Full A...
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# Physical Science Final Review – Full Audio Script
**Hi everyone! This is a complete walkthrough of the Physical Science Final Review packet. I'll go through every question, explain what your teacher is looking for, and tell you how to figure out the answers.**
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## Questions 1 through 5 – Roller Coaster Energy
Look at the roller coaster picture.
### Question 1
**At which point does the object have the most kinetic energy?**
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. The faster an object moves, the more kinetic energy it has. On a roller coaster, the object moves fastest at the lowest point because gravity has converted most of the potential energy into kinetic energy.
Remember:
* Lowest point = greatest kinetic energy.
* Fastest speed = greatest kinetic energy.
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### Question 2
**At which point does the object have the most gravitational potential energy?**
Potential energy depends on height.
The higher the object is above the ground, the more gravitational potential energy it has.
Remember:
* Highest point = greatest potential energy.
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### Question 3
**Which two points have the same amount of potential energy?**
Potential energy only depends on height.
If two points are at the same height, they have the same amount of gravitational potential energy.
Look for two spots that are level with each other.
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### Question 4
**If the object moves from point B to point D, does kinetic energy increase or decrease?**
If the object moves downhill, it speeds up.
That means:
* Kinetic energy increases.
* Potential energy decreases.
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### Question 5
**If the object moves from point B to point D, does potential energy increase or decrease?**
As height decreases, gravitational potential energy decreases.
Always remember:
* Going down = less potential energy.
* Going up = more potential energy.
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# Questions 6 through 8
### Question 6
**Would an object weigh more on Earth or the Moon?**
Weight depends on gravity.
Earth has much stronger gravity than the Moon.
Therefore:
* Weight is greater on Earth.
* Mass stays the same everywhere.
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### Question 7
**Difference between an open system and a closed system.**
Open system:
* Matter and energy can move in and out.
Closed system:
* Energy may move in and out.
* Matter stays inside.
A sealed bottle is a good example of a closed system.
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### Question 8
**Describe elastic energy.**
Elastic energy is stored when an object is stretched or compressed.
Examples:
* Rubber band
* Spring
* Bow and arrow
* Trampoline
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# Question 9 – Vocabulary Matching
Read each definition carefully.
Look for keywords.
Examples:
* Kinetic energy = energy of motion.
* Potential energy = stored energy.
* Elastic energy = stretched or compressed.
* Thermal energy = heat.
* Chemical energy = stored in bonds.
Take your time and match the clues.
---
# Questions 10 through 15 – Velocity versus Time Graph
A velocity versus time graph tells you two things:
* The graph value = velocity.
* The slope = acceleration.
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### Question 10
**Create motion maps.**
If velocity is positive:
* Draw arrows to the right.
If velocity is negative:
* Draw arrows to the left.
If acceleration exists:
* Show acceleration arrows.
If speed increases:
* Make velocity arrows longer.
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### Question 11
**Which object has the greater initial velocity?**
Look at time zero.
Whichever line starts higher has the greater initial velocity.
---
### Question 12
**Which object has the greater velocity at five seconds?**
Go to five seconds.
See which line is higher.
Higher line means greater velocity.
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### Question 13
**Which object has greater acceleration?**
Acceleration equals slope.
Steeper slope means greater acceleration.
Flat line means zero acceleration.
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### Question 14
**Describe object A.**
Talk about:
* Is it speeding up?
* Slowing down?
* Constant speed?
* Moving forward or backward?
Use the graph to explain.
---
### Question 15
**Describe object B.**
Use the same process.
Focus on:
* Direction
* Speed
* Acceleration
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# Questions 16 through 18 – Position versus Time Graph
For these graphs:
The slope equals velocity.
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### Question 16
Find two differences between object 1 and object 2.
Possible differences:
* Different speeds.
* Different starting positions.
* One moves faster.
* One changes position more quickly.
Only mention differences.
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### Question 17
Draw a velocity versus time graph.
A steeper position graph means greater velocity.
Straight line means constant velocity.
Your velocity graph should match the slopes.
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### Question 18
Create motion maps.
Faster object:
* Longer arrows.
Slower object:
* Shorter arrows.
Constant speed:
* Equal spacing.
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# Question 19 – Balanced or Unbalanced Forces
Balanced forces:
* Net force equals zero.
* Constant velocity.
* Could be standing still.
Unbalanced forces:
* Net force is not zero.
* Object accelerates.
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# Questions 20 through 28 – Multiple Choice
### 20
Vectors require:
* Magnitude.
* Direction.
Answer:
Size and direction.
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### 21
Newton's Third Law says:
Every action force has an equal and opposite reaction force.
---
### 22
Balanced forces mean:
The object moves with constant velocity.
It may be moving or standing still.
---
### 23
Bug versus bus collision.
Newton's Third Law says both experience equal forces.
Answer:
Both the same.
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### 24
If an object accelerates:
An unbalanced force acts on it.
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### 25
Balanced forces have a total force of:
Zero.
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### 26
Which is a force?
Weight.
Mass is not a force.
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### 27
If an object slows down:
Acceleration points opposite the velocity.
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### 28
Mass is:
The amount of matter or stuff inside an object.
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# Question 29 – Box Pushed Down Hallway
A 35 kilogram box moves at constant velocity.
Applied force is 50 newtons.
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### Part A
Draw a force diagram.
Include:
* Gravity down.
* Normal force up.
* Applied force forward.
* Friction backward.
---
### Part B
Create a system schema.
Show the box interacting with:
* Earth.
* Floor.
* Person pushing.
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### Part C
Find weight.
Weight equals mass times gravity.
Weight equals 35 times 9.8.
That equals about 343 newtons.
Many classes round to 350 newtons.
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### Part D
Find friction.
Since the box moves at constant velocity:
Net force equals zero.
Applied force equals friction.
Friction equals 50 newtons.
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# Question 30
For every situation:
Force diagram:
* Gravity down.
* Normal up.
* Applied force if pushing.
* Friction opposite motion.
System schema:
Show what objects interact.
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# Questions 31 through 35 – Mass, Volume, and Density
Density equals mass divided by volume.
The object with more mass packed into less space has greater density.
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### Question 31
Greater mass?
Look for which object contains more matter.
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### Question 32
Greater volume?
Volume is the amount of space occupied.
Bigger object usually means greater volume.
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### Question 33
Greater density?
Use:
Density equals mass divided by volume.
Higher density means more matter in the same amount of space.
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### Question 34
Which sinks?
Greater density than water means it sinks.
Higher density object is more likely to sink.
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### Question 35
Mass versus volume graph.
The slope equals density.
Greater density means steeper slope.
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# Questions 36 through 38 – Force Diagram
Look at the direction of the net force.
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### Question 36
If moving left, does it speed up or slow down?
If net force points right while moving left:
The object slows down.
If net force points left while moving left:
The object speeds up.
Compare motion direction with force direction.
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### Question 37
If moving right, does it speed up or slow down?
If force and motion go the same way:
It speeds up.
If they are opposite:
It slows down.
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### Question 38
Balanced or unbalanced?
Add all the forces.
If net force equals zero:
* Balanced.
If net force is not zero:
* Unbalanced.
Unbalanced forces cause acceleration.
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# Final Review Tips
Before the test, remember these big ideas:
* Highest point = most potential energy.
* Lowest point = most kinetic energy.
* Earth has greater gravity than the Moon.
* Velocity-time graph slope = acceleration.
* Position-time graph slope = velocity.
* Balanced forces = zero net force.
* Unbalanced forces = acceleration.
* Newton's Third Law = equal and opposite forces.
* Mass is matter.
* Weight is gravity acting on mass.
* Density = mass divided by volume.
* Greater density means more likely to sink.
* Constant velocity means net force equals zero.
* Force diagrams should always include gravity and normal force.
**That's the entire packet. If you can explain each of these ideas, you'll be prepared for the final review.**
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