Guidance Document to Enhance Services for Male Survivors of Sexual Violence

Guidance Document to Enhance Services for Male Survivors of Sexual Violence

Emiliano C. Diaz de Leon

Audio by Paper2Audio.

Image summary: This figure is a continuous line drawing. It depicts a group of four men standing side by side in a casual pose, with some individuals placing their arms around each other. The illustration suggests a sense of camaraderie, friendship, and unity among the group.

Disclaimer

The contents of this guidance are solely the responsibility of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Department of Health and Human Services, the Texas Department of State Health Services of the Texas Office of the Attorney General. Opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed in this document are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Texas Office of the Attorney General.

Contents

How to Use this Guide

tahsah provides training and program support to Texas-based rape crisis centers, organizations, and institutions that provide sexual violence victim services and prevention education.

This guide is designed to help advocates, counselors, and educators begin or enhance their victim/survivor support services for male survivors of sexual violence. In the seven sections of the Guidance Document to Enhance Services for Male Survivors of Sexual Violence you will find practical steps that you or your organization can take to make healing possible for male survivors of sexual violence around Texas.

- Section 1: Introduction to Male Survivors of Sexual Violence will define the forms of sexual violence that boys/men experience and the impact of trauma on their lives.

- Section 2: Improving Hotline Access for Male Survivors of Sexual Violence focuses on how rape crisis centers and hotline advocates can strengthen helpline support for men.

- Section 3: Medical Advocacy for Male Survivors of Sexual Violence explores the role that advocates play in navigating male victims through the health system.

- Section 4: Increasing Access to Emergency Housing for Male Survivors equips emergency shelter providers with policies and procedures to improve access to emergency housing.

- Section 5: Broadening Community Education Efforts on Male Survivors examines the work of community educators and how they can raise awareness about male survivors of sexual violence through trainings, presentations and campaigns.

- Section 6: Enhancing Support Group Services for Male Survivors of Sexual Violence delves into the benefits of support groups for male survivors and offers recommendations for augmenting these services.

- Section 7: Reaching Out to Male Survivors of Sexual Violence lays out strategies, tools, and resources for rape crisis centers to reach male survivors in their communities.

The guidance in this document is informed by research and best practices of victim advocates and rape crisis centers in Texas and around the country. Remember, our victim advocacy work with male survivors is based on decades of collective experiences and you don't have to figure it out on your own. If you or your organization need any support or assistance with implementing any of this guidance or recommendations found in this guide please contact Emiliano Diaz de Leon, tahsah Men's Engagement Specialist.

1

Introduction to Male Survivors of Sexual Violence

Sexual violence is a significant public health concern that affects people of all genders. While it is often thought of as a problem that primarily affects women and girls, men and boys can also be survivors of sexual violence.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011), about 1 in 71 men in the United States has experienced rape or attempted rape at some point in their lives. This number may be even higher, as many men may not report their experiences due to stigma and other barriers.

Forms of Sexual Violence that Men Experience

Sexual violence refers to any form of sexual activity that is non-consensual or coerced. This can include a range of behaviors from unwanted touching or comments to sexual assault and rape. Men can experience sexual violence in many different ways, and it is important to recognize that men can be victims of these crimes just as women can.

Rape is a form of sexual violence that involves forcing or coercing someone into sexual activity against their will. This can include vaginal, oral, or anal penetration and can be perpetrated by strangers, acquaintances, or even family members. According to the U.S. Department of Justice (2000), about 3% of rape victims are male.

Sexual assault is a broad term that refers to any non-consensual sexual contact or behavior. This can include fondling, unwanted touching, or forcing someone to perform sexual acts. Sexual assault can be perpetrated by strangers, acquaintances, or family members and can happen to men or women.

Sexual harassment is another form of sexual violence that can affect men. This can include unwanted comments or advances, leering or staring, or making inappropriate sexual jokes or gestures. Sexual harassment can occur in any setting, including the workplace, school, or in social situations.

It is essential for victim advocates to recognize that men can be victims of these forms of sexual violence and that they may experience similar emotional and psychological consequences as women who have been victimized.

Image summary: This figure is a line drawing. It depicts a minimalist, single-line illustration of a man standing with his hands in his pockets, viewed from a side profile. The simplicity of the continuous line suggests a modern and artistic representation of a human figure, focusing on form and silhouette rather than detail.

Image summary: This figure is a line drawing. It consists of a single continuous line that starts horizontally and then curves sharply downward and back up to form a loop, eventually extending upward. The figure demonstrates a transition from a linear path to a circular motion, indicating a point of inflection where the direction of the line changes drastically.

The Effects of Sexual Violence on Men

Sexual violence can have serious and lasting psychological and emotional effects on male survivors, including depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (P.T.S.D).

Depression is a common reaction to sexual violence and can involve feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of energy or motivation. According to a study conducted by the American Journal of Men's Health (2012), male survivors of sexual violence are at an increased risk for developing depression.

Anxiety is another common reaction to sexual violence and can manifest in symptoms such as difficulty sleeping, difficulty concentrating, and feelings of worry or fear. Research has found that male survivors of sexual violence were more likely to experience anxiety symptoms than male survivors of other types of trauma.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (P.T.S.D) is a type of anxiety disorder that can develop after experiencing a traumatic event, such as sexual violence. Symptoms of P.T.S.D can include flashbacks, avoidance of triggers related to the traumatic event, and an increase in negative thoughts and emotions. Research has shown that male survivors of sexual violence are at an increased risk of developing.

In addition to these psychological effects, male survivors of sexual violence may experience difficulty trusting others. This can make it difficult for them to form and maintain relationships, and can lead to feelings of isolation and loneliness.

For these reasons, it is critically important for male survivors of sexual violence to seek support from trained professionals, such as therapists or counselors, who can help them cope with the psychological and emotional effects of their trauma.

Challenges that Male Survivors Face

Male survivors of sexual violence often experience unique challenges in seeking help and support. One of the main challenges is the stigma and disbelief that men can face when disclosing their experiences. Many men feel that society expects them to be strong and capable of defending themselves, and as a result, they may feel embarrassed to admit that they were victims of sexual violence. This can lead to a reluctance to seek help or disclose the abuse, which can make it difficult for them to get the support they need.

Another challenge that male survivors may face is navigating the criminal justice system. Many men may be hesitant to report their abuse to the authorities due to a fear of not being believed or being met with skepticism. This can be especially true if the perpetrator is someone who is well-respected or holds a position of power. Furthermore, men may fear retribution or backlash if they come forward.

Men may also have difficulty finding appropriate mental health care. Many traditional therapy models are geared towards women, and men may feel that they are not understood or that their experiences are not taken seriously by mental health professionals. Additionally, some men may feel that seeking mental health treatment is a sign of weakness, which can further discourage them from seeking the help they need.

Overall, male survivors of sexual violence face a number of challenges in seeking help and support, including stigma, disbelief, difficulties navigating the criminal justice system, and a lack of appropriate mental health care. It is imperative that advocates address these barriers so that men can receive the support they need to heal and recover from their experience.

Image summary: This figure is a conceptual illustration. It depicts two individuals engaged in a conversation, with multiple speech bubbles of varying sizes floating around them. The presence of numerous speech bubbles suggests an active and ongoing exchange of ideas or a complex dialogue between the two characters.

Guidance and Resources for Male Survivors of Sexual Violence

Seeking support and guidance is a crucial step in the healing process; therefore, it is important for male survivors of sexual assault and abuse to know that they are not alone and that there are resources available to them.

One resource for male survivors is the National Sexual Assault Hotline, which is operated by the Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network (rainn). The hotline is available 24/7 and provides confidential support and information to survivors and their loved ones. It can be reached at 1-800-656- hope (4673).

Counseling or therapy services are also resources that can aid men in their healing. Many therapists and counselors are trained in working with survivors of sexual assault and abuse and can provide a safe and supportive space for survivors to process their emotions and experiences. Therapy can be particularly helpful for male survivors as it can provide an opportunity to explore and understand the unique challenges and stigma that may be associated with being a male survivor.

Support groups are another valuable resource for male survivors. These groups provide a safe space for survivors to connect with others who have had similar experiences and can be an important source of social support and validation. Support groups can be found through rape crisis centers and online through organizations such as 1in6.

In addition to seeking help and support, there are strategies that male survivors can use to manage their trauma and build resilience. These strategies may include:

» Seeking out self-care practices, such as exercise, healthy eating, and getting enough sleep.

» Developing healthy coping skills, such as talking to trusted friends and loved ones, engaging in activities that bring joy or relaxation, and seeking support through therapy or support groups.

» Finding ways to express emotions in a healthy way, such as through writing, art, or music.

» Seeking out social support and building a strong network of supportive friends and loved ones.

» Finding healthy ways to manage stress, such as through relaxation techniques or stress-reducing activities.

Your role as a victim advocate is to remind male survivors that healing is a process and that it is okay to take things at their own pace. Seeking help and support is a courageous step, and there are resources available to help male survivors on their journey towards healing and recovery.

Sexual Violence is a Men's Issue

Sexual violence against men is an often overlooked and underreported issue, but it is a serious and prevalent problem that deserves recognition and attention. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2005), one in six men in the United States has experienced sexual violence other than rape at some point in their lives. This includes things like unwanted sexual contact, sexual coercion, and non-contact sexual abuse, such as being shown pornography against one's will.

As a result, there is a need for better support and resources for male survivors of sexual violence. This includes providing access to counseling and other mental health services, as well as legal and medical assistance. It is also important to create a culture that recognizes and supports male survivors, and to educate people about the prevalence and impact of sexual violence against men.

One way to advocate for better support and resources for male survivors is to support organizations and initiatives that focus on this issue. For example, the MaleSurvivor organization provides support and resources for male survivors of sexual violence and works to raise awareness about this issue. Another way to advocate is to educate others about the importance of acknowledging and addressing sexual violence against men and to speak out against the stigmatization and dismissal of male survivors.

In conclusion, acknowledging and addressing sexual violence against men is crucial for the well-being and empowerment of male survivors. By advocating for better support and resources for male survivors, we can work towards a society in which all people are safe and respected.

Improving Hotline Access for Male Survivors of Sexual Violence

“I wanted to tell someone, but I was afraid of not being believed”.

Similar to Scott, many male survivors are reluctant to call a sexual violence hotline; therefore, when male survivors are ready to break their silence about their experiences of sexual abuse, we want to ensure that hotline advocates have the tools they need to provide trauma-informed support and information. Our role as hotline advocates is to listen to the survivor with empathy and believe their stories, sometimes for the first time.

Access Points

Your rape crisis center hotline is the primary access point for victims and survivors of sexual violence in your community. Hotline calls may include crisis counseling, information, referrals, or assessments for various services. This section will highlight seven access points that hotline advocates can incorporate into their practice to ensure that male victims have the information to make informed decisions about accessing further support services.

» Use Clear and Consistent Messages About Victim Services

Men may assume that your victim services are exclusively for girls and women and, as a result, never reach out to your organization via the hotline. Instead, promote hotline services to male victims, and use clear and consistent messages across your organizational platforms, including your website, advertising, and social media. When done well and consistently, your organization may see a measurable increase in hotline calls from male survivors or their loved ones.

» Use Broad Language and Images

» Listen Without Judgement

Male survivors may experience guilt and shame due to their experiences of sexual violence. Keeping this in mind, hotline advocates should practice listening without judgment and avoid asking questions that may come off as victim blaming or assuming the gender of their offender. Instead, listening with empathy and understanding allows the male caller to guide the conversation and receive the support they need.

According to the U.S., Texas's population will be approximately 30 million by 2023, and it is 49.9% male. This population is broad by age, education, and location. Use this population data to determine the exact makeup of the male individuals in the communities you serve and develop targeted messaging. This messaging may include specific language and images that could resonate with men in particular communities, for example, veterans, college-aged, etcetera

» Meet Male Survivors Where They Are At

For us to meet men where they are at, our organizations must be committed to investing time and resources towards outreach efforts. Outreach staff or volunteers should ask themselves: where are the men in our community? How do we tap into male culture to reach male survivors of sexual violence?

This engagement may include presentations, outreach activities, and targeted advertising. There are countless stories of boys and men approaching outreach staff with an acknowledgment that they, too, have personally been impacted by sexual violence.

» Ask Male Clients What You Can Do Better

At the core of every rape crisis center's mission is to support victims and survivors of sexual violence, empowering them to take the next steps in their journey, which can include healing or pursuing justice. To be successful and ensure that we meet our mission, seek ongoing input (surveys, focus groups, one-on-one interviews, etcetera) from former and current clients, including male survivors, about increasing access to sexual violence hotline services. Incorporate feedback into improving hotline policies/practices, and advocate training/guidance. This ongoing process requires us to be accountable and responsive to the feedback we receive.

Image summary: This figure is a line drawing illustration. It depicts multiple smartphones arranged in a cluster with several speech bubbles emerging from and surrounding the devices. The illustration represents the concept of digital communication, messaging, and connectivity across multiple mobile platforms. It can be inferred that the image symbolizes the widespread nature of instant messaging and the interconnectedness of users through mobile technology.

» Explore Alternatives to Traditional Phone Services

While rape crisis centers have provided hotline services by phone for decades, with the introduction of new technologies that allow for text chatting, some survivors, especially men, may find it as a welcome alternative. For example, the National Sexual Violence Hotline (rainn), Domestic Violence Hotline, Teen Dating Violence Hotline, and countless other national hotline services have seen an uptick in boys and men accessing support or information by text. This service expands the hotline's reach to more men. However, implementing this may require additional funding, technology, and training. These investments are essential for your overall goal of providing services.

Fundamentals of Victim Advocacy Training

Victim advocacy training is the cornerstone of our rape crisis centers and provides the fundamental knowledge and skills to support survivors of sexual violence. This training details how to respond effectively to hotline callers in crisis, seeking information and providing appropriate referrals. While most victim advocacy training includes a section on male survivors, we recommend supplementing your training by incorporating the following.

» Provide Comprehensive Training/Practice

Hotline advocates receive training that varies from organization to organization. In addition, some rape crisis centers may offer supplemental training for advocates wanting to answer hotline calls. However, we recommend providing extensive ongoing training to hotline advocates, including specific guidance for male survivors who are in crisis. Additionally, establish cross-training between hotline advocates and victim advocates whenever possible and build in time for them to process and debrief together. Finally, offer opportunities to hotline advocates to practice possible situations, for example, suicidal ideations, housing loss, substance abuse, etcetera, with their peers. This type of training allows hotline advocates to incorporate feedback from their peers and supervisors into their practice.

» Create a Hotline Advocate Library

As a result of the national and international media attention on the issue of male survivors of sexual abuse over the last decade, there is a growing collection of news articles, memoirs, films, and publications on the subject. With the wide availability of these materials, it is possible to curate a lending library about male survivors of sexual violence. In addition, these resources will help to enhance your hotline advocates' understanding of trauma's impact on male survivors. Finally, hotline advocates can share these resources with survivors and their loved ones via email or mail. You will find a collection of resources in this guidance document that will help you get started with your rape crisis center's lending library.

» Supervise Hotline Advocates

Hotline advocates must have a well-trained, experienced individual who provides ongoing, timely supervision and support. Hotline calls from male survivors of sexual violence can take additional time and can be emotionally taxing for the advocate. As a result, encourage hotline advocates to process their experiences with their peers and supervisors promptly.

In addition, we recommend establishing weekly check-ins with hotline advocates individually or teams to review weekly calls. We encourage supervisors to observe hotline calls from male survivors to help advocates improve their response time and resource sharing that may help determine gaps in services for male survivors. Consistent supervision is critical to making your sexual violence hotline services responsive to anyone needing support or information.

We recognize that improving hotline access for male survivors happens incrementally over time. These efforts take considerable resources, training, and strategic planning, but tahsah is prepared to support you throughout this process.

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts. 2023. census dot gov U.R.L U.R.L Weaver, Scott.. Scott's Story. rainn dot org U.R.L. rainn dot org U.R.L U.R.L

Image summary: This is a continuous line drawing. The illustration depicts a man standing and leaning over a woman who is seated at a desk with a computer monitor and a laptop. The man appears to be guiding or instructing the woman as they both look toward the screen. The composition suggests a professional or educational setting, indicating a collaborative interaction such as mentoring, training, or technical support.

3

Medical Advocacy for Male Survivors

Medical forensic exams are a way to document physical evidence of sexual assault if the male survivor chooses to pursue law enforcement investigations now or in the future. In Texas, a victim of a sexual assault has the right to the accompaniment of a sexual assault advocate during the sexual assault exam if an advocate is available at the time of the examination. As indicated in the tahsah Texas Male Sexual Violence Survivor Services Survey, collected in March of 2022, 20 of 35 organizations provide some form of hospital advocacy to male survivors of sexual violence. This chapter will discuss the importance of sexual assault advocates and healthcare providers, including S.A.N.E's (Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners), in helping male survivors of sexual violence through the forensic exam process.

The Role of the Sexual Assault Advocate

Sexual assault advocates are trained staff or volunteers who play a key role in addressing the immediate needs of male survivors of sexual violence receiving a sexual assault medical forensic exam. While the role of the sexual assault advocate varies, state by state, advocates generally assist survivors in navigating the medical system by informing them of their rights and options and providing physical and emotional support. For example, sexual assault advocates can help survivors understand the medical procedures involved in a forensic examination and the options for preserving evidence (rape kit) for potential legal proceedings. They can also work to ensure that male survivors of sexual violence receive comprehensive medical care and can access the services they may need after the exam to continue to recover, such as medical follow-up, counseling, and legal advocacy.

The Role of the Healthcare Provider

The role of healthcare providers in forensic exams for male survivors of sexual violence is essential. Healthcare providers are responsible for thoroughly examining the survivor, collecting evidence, and documenting any injuries or signs of trauma. The most effective healthcare providers are trained in trauma-informed care and the physical and emotional impacts of sexual violence on male survivors. Ultimately, the healthcare provider ensures that male survivors of sexual violence receive the care and support they need to begin the healing process.

Image summary: This figure is a line drawing illustration. It depicts a healthcare professional wearing a face mask and a stethoscope around their neck, standing with arms crossed. The illustration represents a medical worker in a professional and prepared posture, symbolizing healthcare, protection, and medical expertise.

Collaborating to Create a Safe and Supportive Environment

Sexual assault advocates, healthcare providers, and Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners (S.A.N.E) work together daily to ensure that medical forensic exams are accessible to male survivors of sexual violence. These efforts involve collaboration, accountability, and understanding of their role in the forensic exam process. The following five practices will help ensure male survivors receive the best medical care possible.

» Provide Emotional Support

Providing emotional support for male survivors throughout the medical forensic exam process is the primary role of sexual assault advocates. Emotional support comprises actively listening (see example on page 16), offering a safe and non-judgmental environment, addressing survivors' fears or concerns, and advocating for their rights and needs during the examination process. This support can help to minimize any further trauma or harm that may occur during the forensic exam. Providing emotional support to a male survivor during the medical forensic exam may look like the following:

“I feel so ashamed and embarrassed about what happened. I should have been able to defend myself.”

“I am sorry this happened to you; you did nothing wrong, and what happened to you was not your fault. When you are ready, our agency provides services to support you. Please know you are not alone. We are here to help you through your healing journey.”

Image summary: This is a continuous line drawing. The illustration depicts a man and a woman sitting and engaging in a conversation, with speech bubbles positioned above them. The posture of the man suggests contemplation or distress, while the woman appears to be speaking or offering support. The image conveys a theme of communication, emotional support, or a therapeutic dialogue between two individuals.

» Advocate for Privacy and Confidentiality

Advocating for the privacy and confidentiality of male survivors is essential in establishing trust and comfort throughout the medical forensic examination process. This advocacy involves protecting male survivors' personal information and ensuring that any information shared is protected and not disclosed to unauthorized parties.

It is essential to respect the survivor's right to privacy and to provide them with clear information about how their information will be used and protected. For example, conversations with the male victim will happen in a private room versus the lobby of the Emergency Room. Sexual assault advocates should familiarize themselves with the laws and policies regarding the privacy and confidentiality of all survivors and laws regarding minors, such as mandated reporting of sexual violence in their state. By advocating for the privacy and confidentiality of male survivors, we can help to minimize any additional stress or harm.

» Provide Trauma-Informed Care

Working with healthcare providers to ensure that medical forensic exams are trauma-informed and appropriate for male survivors is key to providing adequate care. Victim service organizations can collaborate with medical professionals to ensure that they are trained in trauma-informed care and understand the unique needs of male survivors. Sexual assault advocates can help to support and guide healthcare providers as they work with male survivors, helping them develop the skills and knowledge necessary to provide sensitive and appropriate care, such as active listening and avoiding preconceived notions. When healthcare providers approach male survivors with empathy, respect, and understanding, they can help promote long-term healing.

» Explanation of Medical Procedures

Explaining medical procedures and answering questions is integral to reducing anxiety and helping male survivors feel more informed and in control during the medical forensic examination process. Healthcare providers should provide clear, concise, and accurate information about the forensic examination process, including what to expect and what steps will be taken, while the role of the sexual assault advocate is to consider the needs and concerns specific to male survivors. This may include providing an overview of the sexual assault examination or advocating for language access, including interpretation services if necessary.

» Connect Male Survivors to Appropriate Resources

Connecting male survivors with appropriate resources, such as counseling services and support groups, is integral to their long-term healing. These resources can provide additional support, guidance, and counseling to help male survivors cope with the effects of trauma and begin to heal. Support groups can offer a safe and non-judgmental space where male survivors can connect with other men with similar experiences and share their stories. At the same time, counseling services can provide one-on-one support from trained professionals who can help male survivors work through their experiences and develop strategies for coping and healing. By connecting male survivors with appropriate resources, we can support their healing journey and help them rebuild their lives.

Image summary: This is a line drawing illustration. The image depicts a human hand holding a small handheld compass in the palm. The illustration suggests a theme of navigation, exploration, or seeking direction.

In conclusion, medical advocacy is integral in addressing the needs of male survivors of sexual violence. Providing a safe and supportive environment, informing survivors about their rights and options, and connecting them with appropriate resources, sexual assault advocates and healthcare providers can play a critical role in helping male survivors find help, hope and healing as they move forward.

Texas Code of Criminal Procedure.. Art. 56A 351.. statutes dot capitol dot texas dot gov U.R.L U.R.L 351.

Active Listening

Active listening is a crucial interpersonal skill for sexual assault victim advocates involving full attention to the survivor and understanding their message to ensure effective communication. It is a skill that requires practice and dedication to master, but once achieved, it can enhance advocate and survivor relationships.

Active listening involves several techniques that help the sexual assault victim advocate focus on the survivor's message. These techniques include:

1. Paying attention: The first step to active listening is to pay attention to the survivor. It involves maintaining eye contact, facing the survivor, and showing genuine interest in what they say.

2. Clarifying: Active listening involves seeking clarification from the survivor to ensure you understand their message correctly. It may involve asking questions or repeating what the survivor said in your own words.

3. Summarizing: After listening to the survivor, summarizing their message in your own words helps you ensure you understand their message correctly. It also helps the survivor feel heard and understood.

4. Non-verbal cues: Active listening involves paying attention to the survivor's non-verbal cues, such as body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice. These cues can provide valuable insights into the survivor's emotions and feelings.

5. Avoiding distractions: Active listening requires the victim advocate to avoid distractions such as phones, computers, or other interruptions that may distract them from the survivor's message.

Active listening has several benefits, including improved communication, increased empathy, and strengthened relationships. It can also help resolve conflicts and reduce personal and victim advocacy misunderstandings.

In conclusion, active listening is a vital skill that requires focus, dedication, and practice to master. By applying the abovementioned techniques, sexual assault victim advocates can become better listeners and improve their communication skills, leading to stronger personal and advocacy relationships.

Image summary: This is a continuous line drawing. The illustration depicts two men sitting across from each other at a table, with one individual facing forward and the other seen from behind. A notebook or folder lies on the table between them. The scene suggests a professional interaction, such as a job interview, a business meeting, or a consultation, where a formal dialogue is taking place.

Increasing Access to Emergency Housing for Male Survivors

For many male survivors of domestic violence, sexual violence, or human trafficking, accessing safe and secure emergency housing can be daunting. While numerous resources and services are available for female sexual violence survivors, the support and resources available for male survivors are often limited and underfunded. This lack of accessible and appropriate emergency housing options can lead to male survivors being forced to return to abusive environments or become homeless, exacerbating their trauma and hindering their ability to heal and recover. Therefore, it is crucial to explore and address the barriers that male survivors face in accessing emergency housing and to advocate for increased resources and support for this underserved population.

Key Considerations

The Texas Administrative Code states that “victims of family violence as defined in the Human Resources Code, Chapter 51, and adults subjected to sexual and/or emotional abuse by their batterers are eligible for services at the center.” This standard set by the Texas Department of Health and Human Services Commission does not define the gender identity of the victim, which makes male victims of sexual violence eligible for shelter services. In this section, you will find three key considerations for providing emergency housing to male survivors of sexual violence.

» Capacity and Resources

Organizations should conduct a thorough assessment to determine whether they have the resources or capacity to provide emergency housing for male survivors of sexual violence.

To effectively offer comprehensive services, including shelter, ask yourself:

• Whether your organization has space in your current shelter facility for single men and men with children. If not, do you have shelter capacity?

• Do you have a budget that you can use to provide emergency housing at local hotels or motels?

This assessment will help you and your organization take the necessary steps to ensure that rooms or a budget to cover emergency housing is in place for male victims in the future.

» Emergency Housing Support Services

For male survivors of sexual violence who require emergency housing to navigate multiple systems successfully, it is necessary to have support staff in place. Support staff may include victim advocates, case workers, and counselors who work as a team to ensure the male victim and his child(ren) have the emotional and physical support they need.

» Improving Emergency Housing Support Services

If you already successfully provide emergency housing, consider the following: What ongoing training or support do your volunteers or staff need? For organizations to provide effective and meaningful emergency housing services to male survivors of sexual violence, it is imperative to offer ongoing supplemental training beyond your core sexual assault advocate training.

Invite tahsah or other experts in the field to conduct training audits to determine what gaps exist and the next steps to fill them. For example, what has been the impact of male clients in facilities primarily serving women and children? This review allows your organization to reduce the potential for unintended harm to all your shelter residents.

Rape crisis centers should implement strategies and remove barriers to ensure that all survivors of sexual violence can access the support and services they need. Consistently review your organization's policies and practices and make necessary changes to ensure everyone, including male survivors, access emergency housing services.

Policies

As mentioned in the previous section, having written emergency housing policies that include male survivors of sexual violence can be instrumental in making services more accessible. However, ensuring these policies meet the standards for shelter services set by the Texas Department of Health and Human Services Commission is key. When writing or revising organizational policies, consult with your board of directors and legal counsel to ensure you comply with state and federal laws.

» Use Terms that Can Apply to Any Survivor

When developing and writing organizational policies that directly affect the clients you serve, use terms that apply to all survivors. For example, using words like “victim” or “survivor” when outlining eligibility for emergency housing or other services helps ensure policies do not limit who can access those services. This also communicates to male survivors of sexual violence that they are eligible for and welcome to access your services.

» Seek Input from Current or Former Male Clients During Policy Development

As your organization develops or revises its emergency housing policy, invite former or current male clients into the process. This process could include serving on a committee or reviewing and providing feedback on the final policy language. These efforts tell male survivors that your organization is determined and committed to improving or enhancing services for all victims and survivors.

» Ensure that Policies are Trauma-Informed

What does it mean for organizational policy to be trauma-informed? Trauma-informed policy refers to principles of action that consider trauma's effect on individuals impacted or benefiting from policies. Unfortunately, rape crisis center policies may unintentionally retraumatize or prevent male victims of sexual violence from getting the support they need. The first step towards ensuring policies are trauma-informed requires every organization member to take a critical look at policies, acknowledge that we have caused harm, and are committed to making changes.

» Consider the Implications of New Policies

Consider the implications of new organizational policies on budgets, grants, services, etcetera These considerations, while complex, should be studied by rape crisis center leadership and the board of directors during the development of organizational policies or at various times during the implementation. This process allows organizations to be responsive to the needs of their clients and the community they serve.

» Inform Stakeholders of New Policies

Inform stakeholders (board of directors, staff, volunteers, clients, donors, etcetera) of the new policy, especially those directly impacted. This process of informing stakeholders can consist of formal or informal communication. This communication is critical in establishing trust, transparency, and accountability between your organization and its stakeholders. While the rollout and implementation of new policies may be imperfect, your stakeholders will appreciate “being in the know” throughout the process.

» Revisit Organizational Policies Often

For our organizations to avoid complacency, we must be willing to revisit, retool or discard policies that no longer serve our client's needs. Many of our policies have been in place for decades. However, they may need to be reevaluated based on changes in demographics, community awareness of sexual violence, and the expansion of our organizational mission.

» Create New Practices to Ensure Full Implementation of the Policy

Implementing new organizational policies may require developing new victim advocacy practices. Developing these new practices requires flexibility and innovation from staff and volunteers. When staff and volunteers have a stake in these practices, they are more likely to integrate them into their advocacy work with clients. Innovation in the sexual violence field improves client services and long-term outcomes for survivors.

Practices

Organizational practices are the behaviors and actions of your staff and volunteers. Do your organizational practices align with your rape crisis center's vision and mission? This section will explore how your organizational practices communicate your willingness to support and advocate for male survivors of sexual violence who need emergency housing.

» Provide Ongoing Training to Staff and Volunteers

Providing shelter services to male survivors of sexual violence requires a unique skill set and practices acquired from ongoing training. Training staff and volunteers on topics such as how traditional notions of masculinity affect male clients' willingness to ask for help in a crisis, or their unique advocacy (medical, legal, etcetera) needs while receiving emergency housing needs. Ask your staff and volunteers what training topics of interest they have or the emerging issues coming up for male shelter residents. Contact tahsah and other experts in the field to provide this supplemental training or technical assistance.

» Provide Clear and Concise Information

Rape crisis centers should provide clear and concise information on what emergency housing services includes for male survivors of sexual violence. Your organization can share this information on your website, over the hotline, and during emergency housing assessments. Male survivors must have all the information they need to decide whether emergency housing is the right option for them and their children.

» Provide Case Management

Provide case management for male shelter residents and their children. This case management is critical in addressing the most immediate needs (clothing, childcare/education, medical, transportation, etcetera) of the survivor and his children. In addition, case managers work with other shelter staff to stay informed about how the male client and his children are adjusting and progressing. Finally, a case manager can help male clients transition into long-term housing, counseling, employment/education, etcetera

» Determine the Impact of Providing Mixed-Gender Services

If your organization provides a mixed-gender shelter facility, what is the potential impact on the culture of the environment? For example, would women be comfortable in support groups, client meetings, and sharing meals with male residents? Shelter advocates can help facilitate open communication and clear cooperative living agreements with all residents. These steps help residents avoid conflict and mistrust and help promote cooperation and mutual safety.

» Evaluate the Impact of New Practices

Evaluate the impact of new shelter practices on male clients, staff, volunteers, and other residents. When rolling out new shelter practices, ensure that staff and volunteers are aware of the changes and have the guidance for implementing them effectively. In addition, seek resident feedback and document the impact of the new practices. Share this insight with your organizational leadership or board of directors.

» Consider Developing a Transitional Housing Program

In the 2021 Housing Beyond Shelter report from the Texas Council on Family Violence, 71.4% of survivors interviewed for the Texas State Plan on Domestic Violence needed help finding housing. In response to this stark reality, many Texas “dual centers” (domestic and sexual violence organizations) have created transitional housing programs. These transitional housing programs are ideal for shelter residents and their children who need temporary or long-term housing assistance.

If your organization provides a transitional housing program, how many of your clients have identified as male survivors of sexual violence? If the number is significantly smaller than services for female survivors, ask yourself what steps your organization can take to refer male survivors for these services. Contact the Texas Council on Family Violence to learn more about how your organization can develop a transitional housing program.

At tahsah, we are committed to helping rape crisis centers explore and develop ways to increase access to emergency housing for male survivors of sexual violence. While we acknowledge that shelter services were designed primarily for women and children escaping domestic violence, there is a growing need for shelter services for both male and female victims of sexual violence.

Texas Council on Family Violence.. Housing Beyond Shelter. tcfv dot org U.R.L U.R.L

5

Reaching Out to Male Survivors of Sexual Violence

Over the last decade, there has been a significant increase in public awareness about the impact that sexual abuse has on boys and men, partly due to the emergence of national stories of sexual abuse in the Boy Scouts of America, the Catholic Church, and Penn State University. As a result of these stories and countless others, more boys and men are now coming forward to share their stories of sexual violence.

Even with this increase in public awareness, we, as organizations whose mission it is to support survivors of sexual violence in our communities, continue to be tasked with raising awareness and conducting outreach. Community outreach is vital in ensuring that male sexual violence survivors know they are not alone and that support services are available when they are ready to come forward.

A Male-Specific Lens

If you've ever had an eye exam, you know that the optometrist will use a device that has multiple lenses to determine what prescription provides you with the clearest vision. Similarly, we may have to use our male-specific lens to reach a male audience. In this section, you will find recommendations that will help you in your efforts to reach male survivors in your community.

» Promote Positive Male Language

When conducting outreach with individuals or groups of men, use positive male language and stories. For example, talk about the strength and resiliency of male survivors or share stories of survivors who have overcome trauma to live healthy and prosperous lives, countering the harmful narratives and stereotypes about male survivors that are proliferated online or in the media.

Image summary: This is a continuous line drawing. The illustration depicts a person holding a magnifying glass over their own face, obscuring the facial features. The image suggests themes of self-examination, scrutiny, identity search, or deep introspection, implying a process of analyzing oneself.

» Visible Male Staff/Volunteers

While boys and men have been longtime allies of our organizations, their support or involvement has sometimes been invisible. Consider inviting the men that serve on your board of directors, work, or volunteer (regardless of their role) with your organization to be more visible at outreach or community events. This type of visibility reassures boys and men in your community that they are also welcome at your organization.

» Recruit Male Staff/Volunteers who Identify as Survivors

In Texas, a growing group of men now volunteer or work for organizations that support survivors of sexual violence. Some of these men are former clients or survivors themselves. Men who are survivors or former clients and are comfortable sharing their experiences can help your organization make these outreach or awareness efforts more effective.

» Solicit Donors/Funding that Supports your Outreach Efforts with Men

Our organizations and outreach workers' efforts to reach male survivors of sexual violence to be successful may require specific investment from grant funders and donors. For example, grant funding could help hire male outreach staff, develop materials, organize male survivor awareness events, and print and digital advertising. Identifying these funders, soliciting donations, and writing funding proposals may involve collaboration between your organization's development and outreach/education department. These financial investments could help your organization reach more male survivors and increase access to victim services.

Work on Making Space “Male-Friendly”

Community outreach teams are instrumental in making outreach events and activities “male-friendly.” To effectively reach boys and men in your community, promotional materials, activities, volunteers, or staff keep your potential male audience in mind. What may work in one part of your community may not work in another. Consider seeking input and feedback from the men you are trying to reach to be effective or adjust your strategies. These simple efforts will help to build trust and rapport between your organization and the boys and men in your community.

» Develop a Speakers Bureau of Male Survivors

To reach the broadest group of male survivors of sexual violence in your community, consider forming a speakers bureau. This speakers bureau could consist of former clients or male survivors who have come forward to your organization and are ready and willing to share their stories. Consider the make-up of your community and work towards mirroring the men's identities in the speakers bureau.

A variety of speakers is crucial if male individuals are from various communities. In addition, having a speakers bureau allows your organization to be responsive to media requests, speaking engagements, awareness events, fundraisers, etcetera If resources allow, consider contracting with these speakers to compensate them for their time and effort. When male survivors are empowered and supported to share their stories publicly, it makes it more possible for other men to come forward and begin their healing journey.

Image summary: This is a line drawing illustration. The figure depicts a person holding a microphone in one hand while gesturing with the other hand raised. The person is shown from the waist up, facing slightly to the side. The image suggests a scenario where an individual is speaking, performing, or addressing an audience, indicating a role such as a public speaker, singer, or presenter.

Challenges to Reaching Men

Reaching male survivors of sexual violence in your community is no easy task, but acknowledging the barriers in your community or organization is an essential step in strengthening your outreach efforts. This section will explore possible obstacles you may encounter and how your organization's outreach workers can overcome them.

» Self

“I'm my worst enemy.” This quote embodies how we can get in the way of progress or how our personal intolerances can become an additional barrier to reaching male survivors of sexual violence. Ask yourself if you've held any unintended intolerances about men or have an unwillingness to acknowledge that they, too, can experience sexual abuse. Admitting this to ourselves and our peers is the first step to eliminating these intolerance's.

The next step is acquiring information to help dispel myths you or your peers hold. The final step is applying this awareness and knowledge to your outreach work with boys and men. While this process of self-awareness and accountability may feel uncomfortable, it can transform the community narratives about male survivors of sexual violence.

» Physical Location

The physical location of your organization can be a barrier, especially for men who may need access to personal or public transportation. For example, is your physical office located centrally or in a location that may not be safe for men who are part of marginalized communities? Is the building accessible to individuals with various disabilities, or are you required to have an appointment to meet with a victim advocate?

Consider the details you need to provide male clients about locating your physical space or accessing non-residential victim services safely. Keeping this in mind ensures that staff, volunteers, and law enforcement/security do not unintentionally deny access to a male survivor trying to access services.

Image summary: This is a line drawing illustration. The figure depicts a large hand holding a pencil that is drawing a smaller person who appears to be pushing against the very line being created. The illustration suggests a conceptual relationship between a creator and their creation, implying that the subject is attempting to break free from or resist the boundaries imposed by the artist.

Lack of Resources

Our organization's outreach efforts to boys and men are only as effective as the resources we can provide. Therefore, your outreach workers must understand the services available through your organization or other local social service or national providers. We recommend developing a male-specific resource guide that you can share through your organizational platforms (website, social media, etcetera) or in your community.

In addition, outreach workers should take time to answer questions or provide additional guidance that male survivors need to navigate various systems. Finally, do not promise an outcome or a service your organization does not offer or is not available in your community. This level of transparency helps to build trust between your organization and the boys and men in your community.

» Social Media Presence

Organizations that use social media platforms (X, TikTok, Facebook, Instagram, etcetera) effectively tend to reach more people and raise awareness about sexual violence. Social media can be an effective tool in your toolbox or an additional impediment to engaging male survivors of sexual violence. Outreach workers can collaborate with your organization's communication department to develop platform-specific content to raise awareness and share information about male survivors of sexual violence. These efforts, in turn, may help to increase your male following along with requests for information about victim services.

» Organizational Strategic Plan

Does your organization have a strategic plan? If so, does it prioritize funding and planning for reaching and supporting male survivors of sexual violence in your community? For example, developing a strategic plan by your organization's board of directors, leadership, and stakeholders could prioritize the input from current and former male clients.

When communicated clearly and transparently, these plans allow key stakeholders, including funders, to invest in long-term solutions. In addition, organizations need a strategic plan that includes the needs of male survivors to demonstrate a commitment to support all victims.

» Poor Reputation

“Word of mouth” or organizational reputation has the potential to be a significant barrier to reaching male survivors of sexual violence. Every interaction (positive or negative) male victims or survivors have with your staff or volunteers informs your reputation in the community. Moreover, this reputation can impact individuals' and institutions' willingness to collaborate or refer male clients to your organization. Outreach workers can help your organization prioritize and restore your reputation.

» Organization Name

Sexual violence victim service organizations have been around for decades and are well known in their communities and around Texas. However, organizations that include “women's center...” or “rape crisis center...” may unintentionally hinder male survivors' willingness to access victim services. Examples include the merger of the Austin Rape Crisis Center and Center for Battered Women's Center into SafePlace or The Women's Shelter of South Texas, now known as The Purple Door. While renaming and rebranding an organization can be a rigorous and expensive process, the long-term benefits to victims and survivors in your community outway the effort.

» Community Partnerships

While our organizations strive to address every need that our clients present while accessing services, the reality is that we will more than likely have to refer them to trusted community partners for additional services, for example, housing, job readiness, childcare, etcetera Are these partnerships mutually beneficial or one-sided? Organizations with effective working relationships with their community partners have a Memorandum of Understanding (M.O.U). When a male client accesses services from another social service agency and discloses that they are a survivor of sexual violence, having an M.O.U in place lays out the referral process. If an M.O.U is not in place or there is no trust between agencies, these male survivors may fall through the cracks and not receive the additional support services they need.

As laid out in this section, community outreach is essential to maintaining an effective victim service organization. Through strategic, consistent, inclusive outreach efforts, male survivors learn about your organization and victim services. While these efforts may take time, staff/volunteer capacity, and funding, the long-term benefits of the male survivor's healing journey are immeasurable.

6

Broadening Community Education Efforts on Male Survivors

Community education is an organizational effort to deepen the understanding and acknowledgment of sexual violence in all of its forms in our communities. Education related to the experiences and needs of male-identified survivors of sexual violence is critical to having a comprehensive community education plan.

tahsah's Texas Male Sexual Violence Survivor Services Survey, collected in March of 2022, revealed that 18 of 35 organizations conduct some form of community education specific to male survivors of sexual violence. Community education includes community presentations, professional training, blog posts, and volunteer training. This section will examine community educators' work and how they can raise awareness about male survivors of sexual violence through training, presentations, and campaigns.

Image summary: This figure is a line drawing illustration. It depicts a speaker sitting in front of a group of listeners, with a speech bubble appearing behind the speaker. The illustration suggests a scenario of a training session, presentation, or educational campaign where information is being shared with an audience.

Trainings

Allied professionals such as law enforcement officers, medical personnel, and clinicians in communities count on organizations for ongoing professional development on sexual violence. If your organization provides this type of training, consider adding topics specific to male survivors of sexual violence. Community educators may be able to provide this training in person or online. In this section, you will find recommendations for helping to broaden the scope of training to include male-identified survivors.

» Who's Your Audience?

The first and most crucial consideration is determining who will be in the audience and developing content tailored to them. For example, is the professional audience primarily women, or will it be mixed gender? Then, create content that considers their professional and personal role in supporting male survivors of sexual violence. Training content could include statistics, stories, and resources related to their allied profession and the people they serve. Effectively incorporating these elements is more engaging and responsive to your audience's interests and needs.

Image summary: This figure is a continuous line drawing. It depicts a group of four people seated at a long table, engaged in a professional meeting or discussion. One person is using a laptop, another is gesturing while speaking, and the others are listening and taking notes. The scene suggests a collaborative environment where ideas are being exchanged and documented.

» What's on your Training Menu?

A menu provides a list and description of the foods available at a restaurant. Similarly, a training menu could contain clear and concise information about your organization's training: titles, descriptions, length, and objectives. Your organizational training menu could be found on your website or shared as a branded document when requested. Developing and making a training menu available allows allied professional partners to determine what training meets their needs and enables them to work with your community education department to tailor the training.

What is currently on your organization's professional training menu? Does it include topics related to male survivors of sexual violence?

» Practice Makes Perfect

You've heard the saying, "practice makes perfect," about athletes, musicians, artists, etcetera this can be true for allied professionals who may work with a male survivor of sexual violence. Therefore, while developing your training agenda, consider incorporating various opportunities for trainees to practice possible male victim crisis scenarios with their peers. These small group or partner practices allow the community educator to observe, provide guidance, and reframe potentially harmful responses. Incorporating time to practice training may also allow trainees to share their experiences with male survivors and impart what they learned from their successes and mistakes.

Presentations

At the core of every community presentation is the ability of community educators to be “present” for the people in the audience. Conducting community presentations is an essential strategy to raise awareness, provide information and share resources on male survivors of sexual violence. These presentations should be accessible to anyone, anywhere, at any time. In this section, you will find valuable suggestions for growing the reach of your organization's presentations.

» Presenter(s)

When your organization receives a community request for a presentation on male survivors of sexual violence, consider who the best person for the job is. For example, does your community education department have staff or volunteers with expertise in that topic? Consider alternatives such as contracting with a male survivor willing to share their story, participating in a panel discussion related to the topic requested, or establishing a speakers bureau your organization can lean on. Community education departments should consider the unique backgrounds and experiences of their audience to help select the most effective and relatable speaker. The right presenter can make all the difference in reaching your intended audience and improving the likelihood of future collaborations with your organization.

» Community Presentations

Ensuring that community presentations include boys and men is essential for effectively reaching a broad audience. Therefore, when community partners request presentations, it's important to inquire whether boys and men will be included in the audience, as well as about any specific community needs. This information helps presenters prepare content accordingly. While not every community presentation may require extensive planning or resources, making an effort to accommodate male survivors along with specific community needs shows a commitment to reaching everyone.

» Presentation Formats

Your organization can conduct community presentations in many formats, including public speeches, informal talks, town halls, workshops, or seminars. In addition, consider conducting community presentations online with video streaming services such as Zoom or Facebook Live. Community educators should consider the best format for their intended audience. Determining the format is especially important when speaking to a group of boys, young men, or adult men. The presentation format tailored specifically for boys or men is important because it acknowledges and respects the different learning styles, interests, and communication preferences that can enhance their engagement, understanding, and overall experience.

Consider whether one format over another helps you meet your community education goals and objectives. For example, as discussed in previous sections, engaging boys and men in conversations can pose unique challenges and great opportunities for honest and open discussions about a subject that may be considered taboo in some communities.

Image summary: This is a continuous line drawing. The illustration depicts a group of four men standing side by side in a casual pose, with some individuals placing their arms around each other's shoulders. The image conveys a sense of camaraderie, friendship, and unity among the group members.

Campaigns to raise awareness about male survivors of sexual violence aim to challenge the societal stigma and stereotypes associated with men being victims of sexual violence. These campaigns often use various media platforms, including social media, billboards, and community events, to educate the public about the prevalence of male victimization and provide support resources for those who have experienced sexual violence. These campaigns also work to create safe spaces for male survivors to come forward, share their experiences, and receive the support they need. By doing so, campaigns aim to break down barriers and promote a culture of openness, understanding, and empathy for male survivors of sexual violence.

Social Media

Boys and men are significant users across various social media platforms, including LinkedIn, Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook. Therefore, organizations with an active presence on these platforms can develop and implement campaigns to raise awareness, share information, and promote services to male users. Using the social media platform data analytics you can access is vital in determining the best platform, time, and format to share your campaign content. Additionally, these awareness campaigns should not be limited to April's Sexual Assault Awareness and Prevention Month but year-round. You can find additional information and strategies for engaging boys and men around sexual violence awareness and prevention on social media in tahsah's Change Media: Using Social Media to Inspire Social Change.

» Billboards

Billboards, including virtual ads, can significantly raise awareness about male survivors of sexual violence. By displaying messages that challenge the traditional stereotypes of masculinity and promote understanding and support for male survivors, billboards can encourage men to seek help and reduce the stigma associated with male victimization. By reaching a broad audience, billboards can help to educate the public and create a more inclusive and empathetic community for all survivors, regardless of gender. Finally, by highlighting resources and support networks, billboards can empower male survivors to take control of their healing journey and find the help they need to recover and thrive.

» Community Events

Community events can be an effective way to raise awareness about male survivors of sexual violence. By bringing people together in a supportive and inclusive environment, these events can provide a platform for survivors to share their stories, connect with resources, and find a sense of community. Examples of community events to raise awareness about male survivors may include panel discussions, workshops, walks/runs, film screenings, and art exhibitions. These events can also feature guest speakers, such as experts in the field of male survivor advocacy, and provide opportunities for attendees to learn more about the issue, get involved, and support survivors in their healing journey. By increasing visibility and creating a supportive network, community events can help to reduce the stigma and shame associated with male victimization and empower survivors to reclaim their voices and heal.

Broadening community education efforts on male survivors of sexual violence is essential for addressing the unique challenges they face. By raising awareness, providing resources, engaging with male-centered organizations, and training professionals, we can help create a more inclusive and supportive environment for male survivors. Ultimately, this will reduce the prevalence of sexual violence and help male survivors get the support they need to heal and thrive.

Enhancing Support Group Services for Male Survivors of Sexual Violence

Male survivors of sexual violence may feel isolated, ashamed, or confused; however, they can overcome these feelings and start their journey towards healing with survivor support groups, such as the one that male survivor,, describes below:

"When I attended the SafePlace Men's Support Group, it was the first time I had met other men who were victims of childhood sexual abuse and had gone through similar abuse that I went through. Going to SafePlace changed my life; meeting fellow survivors face-to-face and sharing the day-to-day challenges of being a survivor was very healing."

Research echoes B.J's statement. “Support groups represent one of the main ways for survivors to gain structured social support after experiencing violence, and they can be an effective resource to help survivors on their journey to recovery” by decreasing “feelings of isolation, stigma, and shame”. Graham et al. (2014) further posit that participation in support groups “leads to many different positive outcomes,” including “learning new coping strategies,” “experiencing validation and normalization of feelings, experiences, and trauma responses,” and “building or expanding one's support network.” (p. 7).

Image summary: This is a continuous line drawing. The illustration depicts a group of individuals sitting in chairs and engaging in a conversation within a circular arrangement. The composition suggests a collaborative meeting or a support group session where participants are focused on one another, indicating a sense of communication, interaction, and mutual engagement.

Thus, while the need for support groups for male survivors has become clearer and clearer over time, and many more rape crisis centers are facilitating them, not all centers feel prepared to offer them as part of their services to sexual violence survivors. The following seven recommendations - based on best practices of rape crisis centers around the state - can help centers enhance or start support group services for male survivors of sexual violence.

» Conduct an Organizational Audit

Conducting an organizational audit focused on messages about men is a proactive step toward fostering inclusive and equitable victim services. Such an audit involves a comprehensive examination of communication channels, both internal and external, to assess how men are portrayed and represented within the organization. This includes scrutinizing written materials, visual content, and public statements to ensure they are fair and accurate.

Additionally, gathering feedback from employees or volunteers, particularly men, can provide valuable insights into their experiences and perceptions. This audit helps organizations find areas for improvement and make real progress toward creating a more respectful and supportive environment where all clients thrive and feel a sense of belonging.

» Establish Trust with Male Survivors

Before your organization invites male survivors to join a support group, consider whether or not you have established relationships with your current or former male sexual assault clients. If not, examine what has impeded that relationship and how you can re-establish contact. Reach out and ask previous male clients for feedback on your outreach and services.

Once that relationship has been restored, communicate often and offer resources, support, and most importantly, encouragement. These simple yet effective actions over time will create trust between survivors and you, as well as your organization.

» Reach Male Survivors with the Right Message

Do you have one male survivor who is willing to share his story? If so, invite that male survivor to be an ambassador who encourages other survivors to join the group. This personal invite will be much more effective than advertising or social media messaging.

Collaborate with your ambassador(s) to develop the most effective messaging and promotional materials. Once the messaging and materials (digital graphics, paper flyers, video, etcetera) have been developed, work with your ambassadors and communication staff to create an outreach plan that reaches survivors, as well as friends, family members, and loved ones who can encourage the male survivor(s) in their life to join a support group.

» Collaborate with Community Partners

Rape crisis centers can forge meaningful collaborations with various partners to establish support groups specifically designed for male survivors of sexual violence. By partnering with mental health professionals, community organizations, and experts in trauma-informed care, these centers can create safe and empathetic spaces where male survivors can share their experiences, heal, and find solace. By uniting with these partners, rape crisis centers can make a profound impact in addressing the unique needs and challenges faced by male survivors while promoting a culture of empathy and recover

Recruit Strong Support Group Facilitators

Considering the goals of your male survivor support group will help you determine the best facilitator for your program. Facilitation could be peer (survivor) led, clinician-led, or take a hybrid approach. Regardless of who serves as facilitator, ensure they are well trained and have access to ongoing professional development. Each approach requires its own set of expectations and skill set.

» Strong support group facilitators possess the following “key leadership skills”

Image summary: This figure is a conceptual illustration. It depicts two individuals engaged in a conversation while seated at a table, with speech bubbles appearing above them to represent their dialogue. The illustration suggests a collaborative exchange of ideas and active communication between the participants.

- Active Listening Confronting Reflecting Supporting Clarifying Blocking Summarizing Assessing Facilitating Modeling Empathizing Suggesting Interpreting Initiating Questioning Evaluating Linking Terminating

Remember that there is no one way to facilitate; there's only your way.

» Strong Support Group Materials

There is no definitive men's support group curriculum or materials; therefore, develop a curriculum or modify existing materials to meet your group's needs. Determine how many sessions, topics you would like to address, and the length of each session. Seek guidance from content experts, male survivors, and clinicians throughout the development process. Whatever materials you use, evaluate often and make necessary improvements throughout implementation by incorporating feedback from support group members.

» Foster Wellness

Introducing wellness practices to men can be achieved by emphasizing their physical and mental health benefits. Framing these practices as essential components of a balanced, high-performance lifestyle rather than solely as self-care can resonate with men. Additionally, creating male-friendly wellness spaces and programs that align with their interests, such as fitness, sports, or goal-oriented approaches, can encourage active participation and long-term engagement in these practices. These practices ensure physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being when done well and offered continuously.

» Determine Evaluation Approach

When developing evaluation tools, consider the audience, purpose, and how often you want to collect data. Assessment tools may consist of anonymous evaluation surveys, retrospective evaluations, or one-on-one interviews. Be transparent with the support group participants about how you intend to use the data and share it with key stakeholders, including male survivors and funders.

» Overcoming Disappointment

Incorporate wellness practices for the support group participants and facilitators. For example, sessions could include guided meditation, journaling, gardening, yoga, etcetera

When faced with disappointing turnout for support groups tailored to male survivors of sexual violence, both individual advocates and rape crisis centers should remain steadfast and adaptable. Instead of becoming discouraged, consider this an opportunity to refine outreach strategies and engage in proactive community education efforts to destigmatize the issue. Leveraging social media, partnerships with local organizations, and targeted outreach to male survivors can help boost attendance over time.

Additionally, maintaining a welcoming and non-judgmental environment for those who attend, regardless of group size, is crucial in building trust and ensuring survivors receive the support they need. By demonstrating perseverance and flexibility, advocates and rape crisis centers can gradually expand their impact and create a safer, more inclusive space for male survivors to heal and connect.

Whether you are reaching two or twenty men, support groups are transformative for the male survivors, facilitators, rape crisis centers, and communities where these men live, work, worship, and study. As you either continue your support groups for male survivors of sexual violence or begin this work anew, tahsah is here to support your efforts.

B.J.. Men are survivors too. SafeAustin dot org U.R.L. safeaustin dot org U.R.L U.R.L

Resources

Engaging Male Survivors Publications

» Connections: Male Survivors of Sexual Violence www. wcsap. org/male-survivorssexual-violence

The W.C.S.A.P magazine, “Connections: Male Survivors of Sexual Violence,” is a publication dedicated to providing support and resources for male survivors of sexual violence. The magazine features articles, stories, and expert advice on various topics related to male survivor experiences, including healing and recovery, relationships, and advocacy. The publication also provides a platform for male survivors to share their experiences and connect with others who have gone through similar experiences. The W.C.S.A.P magazine is a valuable resource for male survivors and friends, family, and allies looking to support them.

National Sexual Violence Resource Center (N.S.V.R.C) Working with Male Survivors of Sexual Violence

www. nsvrc. org/working-male-survivors-sexual-violence

The National Sexual Violence Resource Center (N.S.V.R.C) Working with Male Survivors of Sexual Violence is a comprehensive resource for individuals and organizations working with male survivors of sexual violence. The website provides information and resources on the experiences and needs of male survivors and strategies for working with them. In addition, it covers topics such as advocacy, outreach, and culturally competent services and provides tools and materials for professionals in the field.

The N.S.V.R.C is dedicated to promoting awareness, education, and research about sexual violence and serving as a resource for those working to prevent and respond to sexual violence. This resource is essential for those committed to providing support and resources to male survivors.

» No More: Giving Male Sexual Assault Survivors a Voice

nomore dot org U.R.L The “No More: Giving Male Sexual Assault Survivors a Voice” campaign is a national effort to raise awareness and give a voice to male survivors of sexual violence. The campaign seeks to break down the stigma and shame associated with male survivor experiences and to encourage male survivors to come forward and seek support. Through public education and outreach, the campaign aims to educate the public about the realities of male sexual assault and to provide support and resources for male survivors. The “No More” campaign is dedicated to creating a world where male survivors are heard, believed, and supported in their healing and recovery journey.

Male Survivor Resources

» Your Rights as a Survivor Guide

gov. texas. gov/organization/cjd/sastf-resources

“Your Rights as a Survivor” is a guide available to download in English and Spanish for adult survivors of sexual violence developed by the Office of Texas Governor Sexual Assault Task Force. The guide is intended to empower survivors by providing them with an accessible overview of their rights, informing them about the systems designed to serve them, and promoting access to appropriate and timely care.

Coping with Sexual Assault: A Guide to Healing for Male Survivors, their Loved Ones and Allies

sugatipublications dot com U.R.L “Coping with Sexual Assault: A Guide to Healing for Male Survivors, their Loved Ones and Allies” is a comprehensive guide aimed at providing support and resources for male survivors of sexual violence, their loved ones, and allies. The guide covers a range of topics related to the experiences and needs of male survivors, including the impact of sexual violence, coping strategies, and the role of friends, family, and allies in the healing process. The guide provides practical advice and resources for accessing support services and navigating the legal system. "Coping with Sexual Assault" is a valuable resource for male survivors, their loved ones, and allies. It offers guidance and support as they navigate the complex and often challenging journey of healing from sexual violence.

» The Good Men Project goodmenproject. com/

The Good Men Project is an online platform and community focused on promoting healthy masculinity and examining the role of men in modern society. The platform features articles, essays, and personal stories from different voices, exploring a wide range of topics related to men and masculinity, including fatherhood, relationships, health, and social justice. The Good Men Project aims to promote a more nuanced and compassionate understanding of what it means to be a man and challenge harmful stereotypes and expectations that limit the possibilities of being male. In addition, the platform provides a space for men to engage in meaningful and constructive conversations and work towards a more equitable and just society.

General Advocate Resources

National Sexual Violence Resource Center (N.S.V.R.C) Resources on the Go Podcast nsvrc dot org U.R.L

The National Sexual Violence Resource Center (N.S.V.R.C) Resources on the Go Podcast is a podcast series that provides resources and information on sexual violence prevention and response. The podcast features experts, survivors, and advocates sharing their knowledge and experiences and covers various topics related to sexual violence, including prevention, advocacy, research, and healing. The podcast is designed to be a valuable resource for those working in the field of sexual violence, as well as for individuals and communities looking to engage in preventing and responding to sexual violence. The N.S.V.R.C is dedicated to promoting awareness, education, and research about sexual violence and serving as a resource for those working to prevent and respond to sexual violence. The Resources on the Go Podcast are essential for advancing this mission.

Films

» Documentary Film: Boys and Men Healing

- bigvoicepictures dot com U.R.L -3/boys-and-men-healing/ Documentary Film: Voiceless thevoicelessdocumentary dot com U.R.L

The documentary film “Boys and Men Healing” is a film that focuses on the experiences of male survivors of sexual violence. The film explores male survivors' challenges in seeking support and healing and provides a platform for their stories to be heard. Through personal narratives and expert commentary, the film offers insight into male survivors' unique challenges and the importance of providing them with the resources and support they need to heal. “Boys and Men Healing” aims to break down the stigma and shame associated with male survivor experiences and to encourage male survivors to come forward and seek support. The film is a valuable resource for male survivors, their loved ones, and their allies. It is an essential tool in the movement to raise awareness and support male survivors of sexual violence.

» The Voiceless Documentary www. vanessamcneal. com/thevoiceless

The “Voiceless” documentary is a film that explores the experiences of male survivors of sexual violence and raises awareness about the issue. The film features personal narratives from survivors, as well as expert commentary and analysis, and provides a platform for male survivors to share their stories and experiences. “Voiceless” aims to break down the stigma and shame associated with male survivor experiences and to encourage male survivors to come forward and seek support. The film highlights the need for increased resources and support for male survivors. It serves as an important tool in the movement to raise awareness about male survivors of sexual violence and to provide them with the resources and support they need to heal.

» Documentary Film: Scouts Honor: The Secret Files of the Boy Scouts of America

- netflix dot com U.R.L

“Scouts Honor: The Secret Files of the Boy Scouts of America” is a revealing and eye-opening documentary that delves deep into the hidden history of one of America's most iconic youth organizations. This thought-provoking film uncovers a trove of confidential documents and personal stories that shed light on a long history of abuse and cover-ups within the Boy Scouts of America. Through powerful interviews with survivors, whistleblowers, and investigative journalists, “Scouts Honor” exposes the dark secrets that have haunted the organization for decades and explores the profound impact on the lives of those affected. This documentary serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of accountability and transparency in institutions that shape the lives of countless young people.

Organizations

Texas Association Against Sexual Assault (tahsah)

- taasa dot org U.R.L

Texas Association Against Sexual Assault (tahsah) is a non-profit organization that works to end sexual violence in Texas through education, advocacy, and survivor support. tahsah provides resources, training, and technical assistance to individuals, communities, and organizations to prevent sexual assault, support survivors, and hold perpetrators accountable. Its mission is to promote justice and healing for survivors while working towards systemic and societal change to prevent sexual violence.

» Just Detention International www. justdetention. org/

Just Detention International (J.D.I) is a human rights organization working to end sexual abuse in all forms of detention. J.D.I seeks to bring attention to the problem of sexual abuse in detention, secure victims' rights, and hold perpetrators accountable. It works through advocacy, litigation, education, and technical assistance to raise awareness, foster a movement, and mobilize support to create a safer and dignified world for all those in detention. J.D.I envisions a world where the human rights of all people are respected, including those who are incarcerated.

» No More

www. nomore. org/

No More is a national campaign to raise public awareness and engage bystanders in ending domestic violence and sexual assault. It aims to address these issues as a societal problem and shift societal attitudes and norms that perpetuate violence. No More provides a platform for individuals, organizations, and communities to work together to end domestic violence and sexual assault.

It also provides resources and tools for individuals to get involved and make a difference, including campaigns, events, and education and outreach efforts. The overarching goal of No More is to create a cultural shift that leads to a world where domestic violence and sexual assault are never tolerated and always prevented.

» National Sexual Violence Resource Center www. nsvrc. org/

The National Sexual Violence Resource Center (N.S.V.R.C) is a leading organization that prevents and responds to sexual violence. As the national information and referral center, the N.S.V.R.C provides resources, training, and technical assistance to advocates, organizations and communities working to address sexual violence. It also serves as a trusted source of information on sexual violence, providing research-based materials and up-to-date statistics and trends. The N.S.V.R.C works to promote understanding, educate the public, and inform policy and practices to create a world free of sexual violence ultimately.

» Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests www. snapnetwork. org/

Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests (snap) is a non-profit organization that provides support and advocacy for survivors of sexual abuse by clergy members. snap comprises survivors, supporters, and advocates who work to protect children, heal survivors, and expose perpetrators. The organization offers resources and support for survivors, including a personal support network and advocacy services.

snap also works to raise awareness about the issue of clergy abuse and to promote reforms and policies that will better protect children and hold perpetrators accountable. snap aims to empower survivors and create a world where children are safe from sexual abuse by those in positions of authority and trust.

Vawnet

www. vawnet. org/

Vawnet, the National Online Resource Center on Violence Against Women, is a National Resource Center on Domestic Violence (N.R.C.D.V) project. It is a comprehensive online resource center that provides information, resources, and strategies to end all forms of violence against women. Vawnet offers a vast collection of resources, including research, practice, policy articles, program descriptions, and multimedia resources, to support advocates, service providers, researchers, and policymakers addressing violence against women. It is a trusted source of up-to-date information and innovative ideas for ending violence and promoting safety and justice for all women. The goal of Vawnet is to support efforts to create a world free from violence against women

Crisis Services

» The National Domestic Violence Hotline www. thehotline. org/

The National Domestic Violence Hotline is a confidential, toll-free hotline for individuals experiencing domestic violence. It provides life-saving tools and immediate support to empower victims and survivors to find safety and live free of abuse. The Hotline operates 24/7, 365 days a year, and is staffed by trained advocates who provide crisis intervention, support, and information to those in need. The Hotline offers assistance in both English and Spanish and has access to interpretation in more than 200 languages.

In addition, the National Domestic Violence Hotline connects individuals to local resources, including emergency shelters, legal advocacy, and counseling. It provides a safe and confidential outlet for those affected by domestic violence. The ultimate goal of the Hotline is to end domestic violence and create a world where relationships are based on equality and respect.

D.O.D Safe Helpline

www. safehelpline. org/

The Department of Defense (D.O.D) Safe Helpline is a confidential and anonymous support resource for members of the military community who have experienced sexual assault. The Helpline provides 24/7, on-demand, one-on-one support, information, and resources to service members and their families. In addition, the safe Helpline offers trained and supportive advocates who can provide emotional support, information about the reporting process, and connection to local resources for follow-up care and advocacy.

The Helpline also provides access to self-care resources, such as an online support community, tips for taking care of oneself, and a library of trauma-informed resources. The D.O.D Safe Helpline is a safe and confidential place for service members and their families to seek help and support. Its goal is to empower those affected by sexual assault in the military community to heal and find hope.

MaleSurvivor

www. malesurvivor. org/

MaleSurvivor is a non-profit organization dedicated to preventing, healing, and eliminating all sexual victimization of boys and men. It provides support, education, and resources to survivors of male sexual abuse and their families and allies. MaleSurvivor offers a confidential and supportive online community and in-person support groups to create a safe and empowering space for male survivors to heal. The organization also provides training and education to professionals and communities to promote understanding and effective responses to male sexual victimization. MaleSurvivor works to end the silence and stigma surrounding male sexual abuse and to empower male survivors to find hope, healing, and recovery. » 1in6 1in6 dot org U.R.L 1in6, Inc. is a non-profit organization that provides support and resources for men who have had unwanted or abusive sexual experiences in childhood. The organization aims to help men who have been affected by childhood sexual abuse to live healthier, happier lives and to break the cycle of trauma that often follows such experiences. 1in6 offers a confidential and anonymous online support community and educational resources to help men understand and heal from their experiences. The organization also provides training and education to professionals and the public to increase understanding and support for men who have been sexually abused. The goal of 1in6 is to create a world where every man who has had unwanted or abusive sexual experiences in childhood has the support and resources he needs to heal.

» MenHealing

www. menhealing. org

MenHealing is a non-profit organization that provides support and resources for men who have experienced sexual abuse or assault. The organization's mission is to promote healing, growth, and empowerment for men affected by sexual trauma and to raise public awareness about the impact of sexual abuse on men. MenHealing offers a confidential online support community and resources to help men understand and heal from their experiences. The organization also provides training and education to professionals and the public to increase understanding and support for men who have been sexually abused. The goal of MenHealing is to create a world where men who have experienced sexual trauma can find healing and hope and where society recognizes and responds to the needs of male survivors.

We would like to thank our content curators and contributors: Emiliano Diaz de Leon, Haleh Hekmat, and Virginia Rueda.

Content editors: Tim Love and Melanie Ramirez.

Graphic Design by: Maddie George This guide was created and informed by survivors, advocates, and the Texas Association Against Sexual Assault, and may be reprinted in its exact form without permission and adapted for use in other states with permission. Please visit taasa dot org U.R.L, email Emiliano Diaz de Leon, Men's Engagement Specialist at ediazdeleon@taasa.org, or call him at 512-474-7190 (ext 135).

If use information from this guide in your own work, please cite as follows:

tahsah.. Guidance Document to Enhance Services for Male Survivors of Sexual Violence [Austin, Texas.

You have reached the end of the document.