Project Panday System

Submitted To:

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School of Information Technology Education Universidad de Dagupan Arellano St., Dagupan City

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology

Chapter 1 Introduction

Background of the Study

The construction industry is a major driver of economic growth, infrastructure development, and urbanization. It supports the creation of residential, commercial, and public infrastructures that enhance people's quality of life. Despite its importance, the industry still struggles with low productivity, project delays, and inefficient resource use.

Despite being crucial for economic development, the industry is one of the least digital industries. Limited integration of digital technologies creates challenges in project planning, communication and execution. Therefore, construction companies are putting more resources into online resources to promote collaboration, handle information more effectively and deliver better project results.

Digitalisation and automation are changing traditional construction techniques. Digital solutions improve productivity by automating manual procedures and increasing access to project information, which in turn improves communication, resource coordination, and overall organizational performance.

Industry 4.0 technologies are vital in the construction modernization. These technologies help to increase communication, automate procedures and handle information more effectively, which leads to increased productivity and operational efficiency. Digital platforms also enhance collaboration and allow for improved coordination among project parties.

Skilled workers are essential in construction, as they handle specialized tasks that influence project success. Effective workforce management and coordination of skilled personnel lead to higher productivity and efficiency. Digital technologies further support communication, planning, resource management, and information access within construction organizations.

In addition, the application of artificial intelligence (A.I) tools has garnered attention for its ability to increase project performance. A.I also aids planning, monitoring, resource management and operational choices by intelligently analysing project data. It also automates routine activities and so does away with inefficiencies.

Artificial Intelligence (A.I) is the ability of systems to carry out tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning and problem-solving. A.I can evaluate huge amounts of data, find trends and provide recommendations, making it a powerful tool for decision making in many industries..

In addition, State that in the study by (Regona et al., 2022). Artificial intelligence can help to improve the way that projects are planned and resources allocated. Intelligent systems support automation of analysis and recommendations, enhancing information management and eliminating inefficiencies across the project life cycle.

The application of A.I is growing in the architecture, engineering and construction (A.E.C) sectors. A.I helps in planning, monitoring, project management, productivity and optimization of resources, therefore enhancing its significance in modern construction management.

Implementation of A.I-based solutions is altering construction project management through optimization, monitoring and performance improvement.

These technologies help to improve operational efficiency, save expenses, increase production and help make educated decisions.

By integrating construction planning, workforce management, mobile technology and A.I-powered recommendation systems, new opportunities for organizing and executing construction projects are created. Digital platforms provide an effective way to obtain project information, facilitate communication, and increase collaboration between stakeholders. Such capabilities allow the development of intelligent systems to address typical problems in construction planning and skilled worker selection.

In summary, the literature shows that concluded by Abioye et al. (2021), Adebayo et al. (2025), McKinsey & Company (2020), and Regona et al. (2022), digital construction systems, workforce coordination strategies, mobile technologies, and A.I-powered recommendation tools can significantly enhance construction project performance. Prior studies highlight the importance of effective planning, resource allocation, information accessibility, and intelligent decision-support systems. These insights form a solid foundation for developing Project Panday: An A.I-Powered Mobile System for Construction Project Planning and Skilled Worker Recommendation.

Kim, Chi and Wang (2019) said proper estimation of building material is vital to avoid cost overrun and material waste. The research conducted by them proves that digital instruments and smart systems may increase the precision of material forecasting, enabling project managers to allocate funds more effectively and minimize unnecessary expenses.

Digital technologies are now being employed in construction planning to improve communication between the different parties involved in a project. Digital platforms facilitate instant sharing of information, leading in better coordination and swifter decision-making across the project lifecycle, the researchers stated.

Mobile applications are being utilized fast in construction management because they allow for easy access to project information at any time and from any place. Their study pointed out the necessity of mobile technology to enable communication, project monitoring and labor coordination in construction environments.

Dimaculangan (2023) stated that many building projects in the Philippines still follow traditional planning and fragmented methodologies. The study established that the low rate of technology adoption, combined with project management deficiencies and structural fragmentation, frequently causes severe project delays and increased project expenses.

To address these constraints, Alviar et al. (2024) assessed the application of technology—specifically mobile and digital systems—on the management of building projects within the Philippine setting. They found that implementing digital solutions significantly improved project structure, documentation, and resource tracking, resulting in demonstrably better project outcomes and collaborative workflow efficiency.

In addition, an analysis by Osborne and Vandenberg (2022) for the Asian Development Bank examined the broader regional and local obstacles surrounding workforce management. Finding and verifying skilled professional workers remains a major friction point for managers and employers; consequently, they propose the wider deployment of digital platforms and machine learning systems that can effectively match the precise qualifications of workers with the active needs of localized projects.

The key users of the proposed system are home owners, skilled construction workers and contractors, who play key roles in residential construction projects. When selecting qualified labor and adequate building materials for construction, renovation and repair tasks, homeowners should plan these activities. Skilled construction workers offer specialized services such as carpentry, masonry, plumbing, electrical installation and painting, while contractors oversee construction activities, coordinate labor and ensure projects are completed to specifications, schedules and quality standards.

Alaloul et al. (2020) stated that the successful collaboration among homeowners, contractors and skilled workers is important for the improvement of communication, workforce and project coordination success. The study focused on how digital technologies and Industry 4.0 applications may improve the coordination among the project stakeholders through the provision of information exchange and assistance for better decision making during the construction process.

Similarly, Aghimien et al. (2022) also emphasized that the correct management and coordination of the workforce have a great impact on project productivity and construction performance. They found that digital technologies can help construction stakeholders manage skilled labor better and allocate funds more effectively and increase operational efficiency. The findings encourage the creation of Project Panday, which intends to build a central mobile platform that helps homeowners plan construction projects and helps contractors and skilled workers interact more efficiently based on project needs. While digital technology is becoming more accessible, some homeowners still use traditional methods to map out home building projects. Project planning is usually accomplished through manual consultations, personal recommendations and informal communication with employees and contractors. So a lot of times the homeowner has a hard time figuring out what they need to do, what kind of material they need to buy, who they need to get to do the work for them.

In the Philippine context, homeowners mostly depend on word-of-mouth and personal recommendations when searching for home service providers because a 2023 survey of Metro Manila households showed this is still the most common method used, outperforming social media and search engines. Similarly, research on local skilled-worker platforms finds that Filipino workers have traditionally relied on manpower agencies or informal channels for employment, hence the call for mobile systems that would more efficiently match workers to opportunities and reduce dependence on middlemen.

Homeowners have difficulty comparing workers based on skills, experience, availability and past work, leading to project delays, inefficient worker selection, increased costs and unsatisfactory outcomes. One Metro Manila study found that without a centralized platform that organizes worker information, over 89% of respondents cited an inability to verify a worker's competence and credentials as a frequent or constant challenge (Tandoc et al., al., 2023). Digital, mobile-based systems have been developed expressly to eliminate dependency on word-of-mouth and middlemen by providing a common platform for matching, communication and responsibility between workers and clients (Dagdag et al.,

2019). Also, many homeowners don't have a lot of understanding on how to plan a construction project, and therefore, they find it difficult to know the materials, labor and other resources a project will take before it starts. These dual deficits in planning support and worker selection motivate a technology-based solution to help homeowners manage project requirements while matching competent workers with appropriate possibilities.

These present conditions underline the necessity for a smart and user-friendly mobile application that can help the homeowners to plan construction projects and provide the recommendation of skilled workers for competent skilled workers based on project criteria. To meet this demand, the researchers introduce Project Panday: An A.I-Powered Mobile System for Construction Project Planning and Skilled Worker Recommendation. The solution being proposed is to deliver intelligent advice to the homeowners on project planning, construction supplies and qualified workers to simplify the planning process, improve worker selection and assist better decision making through digital technology.

Project Panday contributes to Sustainable Development Goal 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) by increasing access to job opportunities for competent people. The worker suggestion application connects competent construction workers to households that require their services, which could help with labor utilization and income output. The technology cuts down the time to find the right people and get the housing projects done, maximizing the economic output.

The proposed approach contributes to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) by applying Artificial Intelligence and mobile technology in the planning of home development.

The system supports technical development and modernization of construction services by combining digital innovation with traditional construction processes. Project Panday supports S.D.G 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) by helping homeowners to maximize the planning of residential construction projects. Better planning and resource management can mean less waste, better project coordination, and the development of safer and more sustainable residential neighborhoods.

The study is also in compliance with Republic Act No. 10173, the Data Privacy Act of 2012 which controls the protection of personal information and responsible processing of data since the system collects and retains the personal information of the homeowners and skilled workers. The system also allows for electronic communication, digital transactions and online exchange of information among users. In accordance with Republic Act No. 8792, also known as the Electronic Commerce Act of the Philippines that recognizes the validity of electronic papers and transactions in the Philippines. The report also reinforces the broader mandate of Republic Act No. 10844 which created the Department of Information and Communications Technology (D.I.C.T) to promote I.C.T development and digital transformation in the country.

The Project Panday System is anticipated to have a good social impact through increasing the availability of skilled construction labor and standardization in the design of residential buildings. A.I gives homeowners advice to make smarter decisions and skilled workers more exposure and jobs. The system also propels digital transformation in local construction communities, promoting the adoption of innovative technologies that enhance productivity, efficiency and service delivery.

Statement of Objectives

The main object of the study is to design and implement Project Panday system. It seeks to achieve the following specific objectives:

1. To identify the current processes in a construction project.

2. To determine the features of the proposed system.

3. To test the usability of the proposed system

Conceptual Framework

The study applies the Input-Process-Output (I.P.O) Model to represent the flow of the system. The I.P.O Model describes how the inputs are converted to the intended output through a series of procedures. The system in this study is created from customer necessities, project data, skilled worker profile and system data as the inputs. The I.P.O framework can obviously show the connection between the data collected, the development process and the resultant system.

This study used the Rapid Application Development (rad) Model as the specific methodology in the process stage of the I.P.O framework. As explained by Singgalen (2024), the rad model is marked by the rapid development of systems through a set of phases including requirements planning, user design, building, and cutover. The methodology also enables ongoing feedback and collaboration between developers and users throughout the development process. This method is suitable for the development of the Project Panday System. The expected outcome is an A.I-based mobile app that aids clients in planning their home building projects and recommends experienced workers depending on the requirements of the project.

Figure 1.1 summary: A diagram illustrating the research paradigm for the Project Panday System, showing a cyclical development process. The workflow begins with collaboration between developers and stakeholders through interviews and surveys, leading into requirements planning. This feeds into a continuous loop of prototyping cycles involving construction and testing, with skilled workers providing input during the testing phase. The process concludes with a cutover to the final Project Panday mobile application, which features AI-based project planning, skilled worker recommendation, and resource estimation.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The study involves the design and development of Project Panday, an A.I-powered mobile application for building, renovation, repair, and home improvement of residential houses. The system is designed to offer smart recommendations by connecting the project requirements of the homeowners with the qualified workers whose qualifications, talents, and specializations are related to the requested construction services.

The system offers capabilities such as user registration and authentication, profile management, project posting, skilled worker profiling, A.I-based suggestion generating, job opportunity matching and notification services. It analyzes project specifics and worker information to provide recommendations that help homeowners find qualified skilled workers and help workers find relevant construction-related opportunities.

The project is limited to developing and evaluating an A.I-powered recommendation system for residential house construction services solely. The effectiveness and accuracy of the recommendations depends on the quality, completeness and correctness of the information presented within the system. The system does not guarantee work hiring, quality of work, availability of workers or project results.

The system also does not support commercial, industrial or infrastructure projects and does not include capabilities such as payment processing, contract administration, real time location tracking, direct project supervision and workforce performance monitoring. The A.I recommendation feature is designed just to assist in decision-making and should not be used as a substitute for expert evaluation or user discretion.

Significance of the Study

The study when implemented benefits the following beneficiaries.

Contractors. The system provides contractors and small construction businesses with a convenient platform for identifying workers with appropriate skills and connecting with potential clients, helping improve workforce utilization and project staffing.

Homeowners. The system assists homeowners in finding qualified skilled workers based on the specific requirements of their construction, renovation, repair, or maintenance projects. This reduces the time and effort needed to search for suitable workers and supports more informed hiring decisions.

Skilled Workers. The system helps skilled workers discover job opportunities that align with their expertise, specialization, and work preferences, potentially increasing their employment opportunities and visibility to prospective clients.

Future Developers. This study may serve as a reference for future developers who intend to enhance, modify, or expand the Project Panday System. It provides insights into the implementation of Artificial Intelligence, recommendation systems, mobile applications, and digital platforms for the construction industry.

Developers. This study provides the researchers and developers with practical experience in applying Artificial Intelligence, mobile application development, and recommendation systems to address real-world challenges in the construction industry. It also enhances their technical, analytical, and problem-solving skills through the design and development of the Project Panday System.

Definition of Terms

Allocation of resources. In this study, it refers to the process of identifying and recommending the personnel, materials, and resources required for residential construction projects.

Contractors. In this study, the person uses the Project Panday System to identify qualified workers, view project recommendations, and assist in planning residential building projects.

Construction Industry. This research defines the construction industry as the sector involved in construction, restoration, repair, and maintenance operations. The industry employs the Project Panday System to improve worker-client alignment, enhance workforce management, and streamline construction project planning using digital technology and artificial intelligence.

Client. This project is about a person who uses Project Panday system to plan construction projects and receive recommendations for materials and craftsmen.

Construction Materials. The research talks about the materials suggested by the system for a building project depending on the client's input.

Construction Project Planning. The study refers to the process of encoding project details into the system to receive recommendations for materials, resources, and skilled labor for construction.

Homeowner. An individual who owns or manages a residential property—such as a house, condominium unit, townhouse, apartment, or other types of dwellings—utilises the system to request construction services and to obtain recommendations for skilled labour.

Job Opportunity. A construction-related work request or project posted by a homeowner and recommended to skilled workers whose qualifications match the project requirements.

Mobile Application. The study refers to the Project Panday system, which allows customers and skilled workers to obtain construction planning and worker recommendation services through mobile devices.

Profile Management. The feature allows homeowners and skilled workers to create, update, and maintain their personal information, qualifications, skills, and preferences within the system.

Project Panday System. It refers to an A.I-Powered Mobile System for Construction

Project Planning and Skilled Worker Recommendation. It helps homeowners and contractors to organize residential construction projects and also recommends supplies, construction worker equipment, and skilled workers.

Small Construction Businesses. In this study, it is a service provider that offers residential building, remodeling, repair, and maintenance services and uses the Project Panday System to connect with homeowners, find skilled workers, and assist residential project planning operations.

Skilled Laborer. This research is applicable to construction experts such as carpenters, masons, plumbers, electricians, welders, and painters suggested by the system as per the project specification.

Worker Recommendation. The process performed by the system to identify and suggest skilled workers whose qualifications, expertise, and preferences match the requirements of a posted project.

Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This Chapter presents the review of related literature and studies relevant to the development of Project Panday: An A.I-Powered Mobile System for Construction Project Planning and Skilled Worker Recommendation. This chapter discusses existing information regarding the current processes of selecting qualified skilled workers in construction projects, the features of A.I-powered and mobile-based systems, and the usability evaluation of information systems. The reviewed literature serves as the foundation for understanding the concepts, technologies, and practices related to the proposed system. Furthermore, the discussion is organized according to the objectives of the study to ensure that all related literature is aligned with the research objectives.

Processes construction projects.

Construction planning and scheduling is a crucial procedure that determines successful execution of construction projects. The researchers applied Building

Information Modeling (B.I.M) and a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (moga) to improve the project schedules, budgets and resource allocation of refurbishment projects. The results showed that good planning and scheduling enhances decision making, reduces delays and promotes the efficient use of construction resources. The study also indicated that the use of digital technologies in construction planning improves the performance of the project as well as its overall management. This study is important to the present study as Project Panday attempts to help homeowners in planning building projects before referring certified skilled personnel.

According to Khosakitchalert et al. (2020), material estimating, often called quantity takeoff, is one of the fundamental procedures in construction project planning since it indicates the quantity of materials necessary before project implementation. The researchers have devised a Building Information Modeling (B.I.M)-based quantity takeoff strategy that allows for faster, more precise and more dependable estimation of construction materials as compared to existing methods. The report highlights that right material calculation helps in procurement, budgeting and resource planning, thereby increasing the total project efficiency. The current research is important to the current research as Project Panday is designed to help homeowners in the planning phase of construction projects by providing them with information that will help them make informed decisions before selecting qualified skilled workers.

Polinar (2023) argues that construction projects are commonly delayed due to personnel concerns, poor planning, and resource limits. The study also pointed out the necessity of proper personnel allocation and project management procedures. The findings highlight the necessity for mechanisms to aid in planning of projects and selection of workers.

Amin et al. (2024) pointed out the necessity of suitable human resource allocation in construction projects since workers need to have the necessary skills and abilities for particular job tasks. The study showed that assigning people based on their expertise and labor demands enhances productivity and project outcomes. The researchers also stressed the importance of assessing workforce capacities in building projects thoroughly to ensure that the correct individuals are assigned to the proper positions. This study is significant to the present research as it emphasizes the necessity of the search and selection of competent professional individuals as per project needs.

Aghimien et al. (2022) indicated that the construction companies need effective procedures for finding and choosing competent skilled personnel to overcome workforce related difficulties. The study found that the traditional methods of selecting workers are typically based on referrals, personal recommendations, and past job experience which may not always provide reliable information about a worker's competency and performance. The researchers also highlighted the need for digital technologies and information systems to improve worker selection and enable better decision making. The present study is relevant to current research since the proposed method attempts to aid homeowners in finding competent professional workers through an A.I-powered recommendation technique.

Hussain et al. (2020) stated that the selection of qualified skilled personnel is important in construction projects, as the quality, productivity, and overall success of a project are highly dependent on the competence of the staff. Construction businesses usually evaluate personnel based on their abilities, experience, qualifications and ability to efficiently carry out specified duties, according to the study. The study further indicated that recruitment of qualified individuals increases quality of work, minimizes delays in projects and results in successful completion of building projects. This is related to the current study as Project Panday is designed to identify qualified skilled workers depending on the project needs, allowing homeowners to make an informed decision in hiring through an A.I-powered mobile platform.

Pacete (2019) conducted a Workplace Skills and Satisfaction Survey among construction employers in the Philippines to determine the fundamental abilities needed in the construction business. According to the report, construction firms attach priority to technical capabilities, job preparedness and industry-relevant skills of workers in hiring and evaluation of individuals. The results also indicated that the construction firms should guarantee that the personnel has the required qualifications to meet the workforce needs and project requirements. The present research is related to this study as the present research underlines the necessity of assessment of workers' skills and competencies in the selection of qualified skilled workers for construction projects.

Labor productivity is determined by the availability of workers, health conditions, work environment, and management methods. The study revealed numerous elements that influence staff performance on construction projects. These results suggest the necessity of hiring qualified and effective employees.

According to Atluri (2018) the shortage of skilled workers is one of the key difficulties in the building sector. The study indicated that many firms have resorted to hiring less-skilled people due to the difficulty of finding suitable workers, which could have adverse effects on productivity, quality and project performance. The study also highlighted the need to establish effective solutions to combat worker shortages and enhance labor management on building projects. The present research is significant to this study, in as far as it shows the necessity for effective techniques for identifying and choosing competent personnel who are qualified for the project needs.

Siman (2023) stated that the construction industry is an important sector for economic growth, infrastructure development, and job generation in the Philippines. The study underlined the growing requirement for building projects and the significance of competent labor management. These results indicate the need of identifying skilled workers for construction tasks.

The literature review and studies, have a shared perspective that the selection of qualified skilled people is an important aspect in the success of building projects. Most studies have suggested that workers need to be assessed on their skills, experience, competencies, certifications, reliability and overall job performance. Further, all the research emphasized that efficient recruitment, personnel planning and competency evaluation are factors that contribute to improved productivity, better quality of work and successful project completion. They also agreed that choosing the correct staff for specific construction activities helps increase project efficiency and overall organizational effectiveness.

However, the research, despite these similarities, differ in their unique focus and perspectives. Aghimien et al. (2022) noted the limitations of traditional worker selection methods and the necessity for digital solutions, while focused on the difficulties presented by shortages of competent personnel in the construction sector. Siman (2023) and Polinar (2023) concentrated on issues of personnel management and project planning, whereas Hussain et al. (2023) investigated recruitment and selection tactics adopted by construction enterprises.

In contrast, Pacete (2019) focused on the technical competences and skills related to the industry, which are sought by companies during the employment process. These variations suggest that while the studies have the same purpose of enhancing worker selection, they focus on various facets of construction workforce management, providing a broader perspective on the necessity of a technology-based system such as Project Panday.

Features of the Construction System

According to Abioye et al. (2021) Artificial Intelligence (A.I) in the construction business, discussing the possibilities and challenges of its use. They found that artificial intelligence technologies, such as machine learning, computer vision, robots and optimization approaches, can increase productivity, efficiency, safety and profitability of construction projects. The study examined the use of A.I in activity monitoring, risk assessment and resource optimization. There remain, however, a number of impediments to widespread application of A.I in construction. This research is pertinent to the present research because the suggested system uses digital technology to increase workforce visibility, communication and decision making during construction project planning.

As pointed out by Regona et al. (2022), Artificial Intelligence has been getting more and more attention for the construction sector for its ability to help in project planning, resource allocation and decision making. A.I-powered solutions can enhance productivity by sifting through enormous amounts of project data and offering smart recommendations, experts said.

Darko et al. (2020) stated that Artificial Intelligence applications in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (A.E.C) can lead to enhanced project management, productivity, and optimization of resources. The study proved that artificial intelligence (A.I) tools help the project stakeholders in the decision-making processes by providing them with accurate and timely information. The results encourage the development of Project Panday as an A.I-enabled mobile system that can generate recommendations for construction planning and labor selection.

Santos and Jocson (2024) say artificial intelligence (A.I) technologies could improve planning, decision making and workforce management in the Philippine construction industry. The study highlighted the advantages of intelligent systems in assisting project related decisions. These results will enable the deployment of worker recommendation systems based on A.I.

Abala et al. (2025) studied the use of artificial intelligence in the construction life cycle. The study concluded that standard artificial intelligence can improve project management by boosting efficiency, cutting expenses, and aiding decision-making tasks. The benefits of artificial intelligence (A.I) tools in overcoming project management limits and improving building processes were underlined by the researchers. This work is relevant to the proposed system since it shows how standard artificial intelligence can be applied in assisting decision making for construction-related activities.

Alencar and Cowan (2018) machine learning methods are crucial in recommender systems according to Portugal. The study concluded that machine learning approaches improve recommendation accuracy by assessing user preferences, habits, and data to develop personalized recommendations. The results support the suggested approach since Project Panday applies recommendation technologies to help users find qualified skilled workers according to the project needs and workers' qualifications.

Lecaros and Khan (2022) pointed up the necessity of recommendation systems with Project athena, a hybrid recommendation engine focusing on acting on personalized recommendations and notifications. Recommendation systems improve information retrieval and help individuals locate relevant information more effectively, researchers find. The obtained results confirm the inclusion of recommendation systems in the proposed system.

Mata et al. (2024) investigated the factors influencing the adoption of Building Information Modeling (B.I.M) in the Philippine construction industry. The study found that system quality, user interface and personal innovativeness were major elements determining technology adoption. The results show that system characteristics and usability strongly impact users' acceptance of digital solutions. The importance of this study is based on the fact that it shows the characteristics that must be taken into account in the development of a construction system based on technology.

Singgalen. 2024. Implementasi Rapid Application Development (rad) pada Sistem

Monitoring Ekowisata Berbasis Masyarakat. The study showed that the rad approach facilitated the rapid creation of system features by using iterative stages such as requirements planning, user design, construction and cutover. In addition, the technique allowed for the continual involvement of the users and the improvement of the system during the development process. This study is pertinent to the current study since Project Panday similarly employs the rad model in an effort to efficiently build and expand the system features based on the users' needs and input.

According to Alaloul et al. (2020) the construction industry is undergoing significant transformation through the adoption of Industry 4.0 technology. Digital technology could help solve some of the worker problems. For example, better communication, workforce collaboration and information availability, the researchers commented. Digital platforms and intelligent technology can help project managers to increase awareness of workforce capabilities and make better decisions for labor planning. The present research is related to the study because the suggested method uses digital technologies to increase communication, availability of information and decision making in construction project planning and selection of competent workforce.

The literature and studies studied suggest a consensus that Artificial Intelligence, recommendation systems and digital technologies can play a major role in enhancing construction project management and decision-making. Most studies pointed out that A.I-based solutions improve efficiency, productivity, resource management, workforce administration, and project planning by using data-based analysis and smart recommendations. Similarly, the researchers concluded that recommendation systems enable users to make educated decisions by giving personalized ideas that are tailored to the available information and user demands. In addition, a number of studies underlined the significance of system quality, usability, and user-centered development approaches to ensure the acceptance and efficacy of technology-based solutions in the construction sector.

These studies have similarities yet they differ in their specific areas of concentration and application.,,, Santos and Jocson (2024) and Abala et al. (2025) focused particularly on the function of Artificial Intelligence in improving construction planning, productivity, risk management and decision-making processes. In the meantime, Alencar and Cowan (2018) and Lecaros and Khan (2022) worked on recommendation systems and their capacity to offer individualized recommendations and enhance information retrieval. In contrast, Mata et al. (2024) studied the elements that affect technology adoption namely system quality and usability while Singgalen (2024) studied the usage of Rapid Application Development (rad) methodology in system development.

, however, studied the influence of Industry 4.0 technology on workforce collaboration, communication and information access. These distinctions suggest that the studies attempt to improve construction-related processes through technology, but also cover different areas of the system's functioning, implementation and adoption by users, thus offering holistic support for the development of Project Panday.

Usability of the System

According to Park and Zahabi (2021), usability significantly influences users' satisfaction and adoption of mobile applications. The researchers proposed a novel approach that combines gesture-level modeling and heuristic evaluation to assess the usability of mobile applications during the early stages of development. The study emphasized that usability evaluation enables developers to identify interface issues before deployment, thereby reducing development costs and improving user experience. Furthermore, the findings highlighted the importance of evaluating usability as part of the software development process. This study is relevant to the present research because Project Panday also requires usability assessment to ensure a positive and efficient user experience.

According to Weichbroth and Giedrowicz (2024), usability evaluation plays a vital role. in measuring users' perceptions of software quality and ease of use. The researchers introduced

sus-Lib, an automated tool that calculates System Usability Scale scores from user feedback to support software evaluation. The study highlighted the widespread use of sus as a reliable instrument for assessing usability across different software systems. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that usability evaluation assists developers in identifying areas that require improvement. This study is relevant to the present research because Project Panday will also employ usability evaluation techniques to assess user satisfaction and system effectiveness.

According to Afif (2023), usability assessment is essential in determining how effectively users interact with mobile applications. The researcher utilized the System Usability Scale (sus) to evaluate students' perceptions regarding the usability of mobile applications. The findings revealed that applications with higher usability scores were associated with greater user satisfaction and acceptance.

Furthermore, the study emphasized that usability evaluation provides valuable information for improving system design and functionality. This study is relevant to the present research because Project Panday will also be evaluated to determine its usability and overall user satisfaction.

Moumane, Idri, and Abran (2016) examined the usability evaluation of mobile applications using international software quality standards. The researchers found that usability assessment is essential in identifying design issues that may affect user interaction and overall system performance. The study emphasized that mobile applications should be evaluated based on effectiveness, efficiency, learnability, and user satisfaction.

Furthermore, usability testing helps developers improve application quality and user experience. This study is relevant to the proposed system because Project Panday is a mobile application that requires a positive user experience to encourage user adoption and continued usage.

According to Sabur et al. (2024), usability testing is a critical process in determining whether users can effectively interact with a software application. The study revealed that systems with high usability ratings are more likely to achieve user satisfaction and acceptance. The researchers further emphasized that user feedback serves as an important basis for identifying areas that require improvement. The findings highlighted the importance of continuous evaluation in enhancing software quality. This study is relevant because Project Panday will undergo usability evaluation to determine its effectiveness and user acceptance.

Javier et al. (2022) developed and evaluated an information management system using recognized software quality standards. The researchers found that usability testing provides valuable feedback regarding system effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction. The study demonstrated that evaluating software quality helps ensure that systems meet functional requirements and user expectations.

Furthermore, the findings emphasized the importance of continuous assessment during system development. This study supports the present research because Project Panday also aims to deliver a functional and user-friendly information system.

According to Ampuan and Delena (2022), system usability evaluation is essential in determining whether a software application effectively meets user needs and expectations. The researchers developed and evaluated a web-based appointment system for the Office of the University President of Mindanao State University–Main Campus to improve appointment scheduling and reduce client waiting time. The study utilized the System Usability Scale (sus) and the Technology Acceptance Model (tam) to assess the usability and acceptance of the system.

The findings revealed a high level of user satisfaction, obtaining an overall rating of 90.2%, which indicated that the system was effective, convenient, and acceptable to its users. Furthermore, the study emphasized that usability evaluation helps identify the effectiveness of a system and supports continuous improvement. This study is relevant to the present research because Project Panday will also undergo usability testing to determine its effectiveness, user satisfaction, and overall acceptability.

According to Ali et al. (2022), usability is a critical factor that influences the acceptance and effectiveness of mobile applications. The researchers conducted a usability evaluation of an Android-based application using the People at the Center of Mobile Application Development (pacmad) usability model. The study assessed several usability attributes, including effectiveness, efficiency, satisfaction, learnability, memorability, errors, and cognitive load.

The findings revealed that users with higher educational attainment demonstrated better usability performance and experienced fewer errors and lower cognitive load during system interaction. Furthermore, the study emphasized that considering the diverse characteristics of users can improve application usability and acceptance. This study is relevant to the present research because Project Panday is a mobile-based system that requires usability evaluation to ensure a positive user experience and user satisfaction.

According to Paculaba (2022), evaluating information systems is essential in determining their effectiveness, usability, and user satisfaction. The researcher assessed the Student Information and Accounting System (S.I.A.S) of a state university in the Philippines in terms of system quality, information quality, and system usability. The findings revealed that the system was highly effective and that users were highly satisfied with its performance and usability.

Furthermore, the study emphasized that usability plays a significant role in the successful implementation and acceptance of information systems. The results also showed that continuous evaluation helps identify areas for improvement and enhance overall system effectiveness. This study is relevant to the present research because Project Panday also aims to provide a reliable and user-friendly mobile platform that meets the needs and expectations of its users.

According to Balbin et al. (2025), the development and evaluation of mobile applications are essential in enhancing learning experiences and improving access to educational resources. The researchers developed a digital review material utilizing a mobile application for students of Rizal Technological University's College of Education. Using a quantitative approach and survey method, the study evaluated the application's functionality, information quality, and user experience through a five-point Likert Scale. The findings revealed that the mobile application effectively delivered important information, enhanced students' understanding of various topics, and supported technology-based learning. Furthermore, the study highlighted the importance of continuous evaluation in identifying areas for improvement, such as system operability and interface design. This study is relevant to the present research because Project Panday will also undergo usability evaluation to determine whether it effectively meets the needs and expectations of its users.

The reviewed literature and studies share a common perspective that usability evaluation is an essential component in determining the effectiveness, efficiency, and overall quality of software and mobile applications. Most of the studies emphasized that usability testing helps measure user satisfaction, ease of use, learnability, and system acceptance. The researchers consistently agreed that evaluating usability enables developers to identify system weaknesses, improve user experience, and ensure that applications meet users' needs and expectations. Furthermore, several studies highlighted that continuous usability assessment contributes to higher user satisfaction, better system performance, and increased acceptance of technology-based solutions.

Despite these similarities, the studies differ in their approaches, evaluation models, and areas of application. Park and Zahabi (2021) focused on gesture-level modeling and heuristic evaluation for mobile applications, while Weichbroth and Giedrowicz (2024) emphasized the use of the System Usability Scale (sus) through an automated evaluation tool., Ampuan and Delena (2022), and concentrated on measuring user satisfaction and system effectiveness using usability assessment instruments such as sus and tam. In contrast, Moumane, Idri, and Abran (2016) focused on international software quality standards, whereas Ali et al. (2022) applied the pacmad usability model to evaluate mobile applications. Meanwhile, Javier et al. (2022) and Balbin et al. (2025) examined usability in the context of information management and educational mobile applications. These differences indicate that although the studies share the objective of improving software quality and user experience, they employ different evaluation frameworks and application domains, providing comprehensive support for assessing the usability of Project Panday.

Research Design

Chapter 3 Methodology

The Descriptive-Developmental Research Design was applied in the development of Project Panday: An A.I-Powered Mobile System for Construction Project Planning and Skilled Worker Recommendation. The choice of the research design was because the study involved the description of the existing processes and challenges in construction project planning and skilled worker selection and the design, development, implementation and evaluation of a mobile application that meets the identified needs of its intended users.

Developmental research is a systematic method for designing, developing, implementing, and evaluating goods, processes, and programs to improve their effectiveness, efficiency, and usability. The research design used is descriptive combined with system development so that the researchers may identify the existing conditions, determine the needs of the users and translate the knowledge that has been obtained into a working technology.

The descriptive part of this study was to collect information on the present procedures in building project planning and selection of certified skilled workers. Data were acquired through interviews, questionnaires, observation and interaction with homeowners, contractors and professional personnel. The researchers were able to use the activities to pinpoint existing challenges, such as difficulties in finding qualified workers, limited access to reliable information about workers, inefficient processes for selecting workers, and the lack of a centralized platform for planning construction projects and recommending workers.

Information collected in the descriptive phase served as a basis for the specification of the functional and non-functional requirements of the proposed mobile application. The researchers used the identified user demands to guide the design of the system features, construct the A.I-powered skilled worker recommendation module, and make sure that the proposed system solved the real difficulties encountered by its intended users.

Supporting this approach, Premsudha et al. (2024) proposed a Construction Worker Hiring Management System that facilitated the hiring and management of construction workers through a digital platform. They found that looking at user requirements before building the system leads to better coordination of the workforce and a more organized hiring process. The results indicate that it is important to understand the needs of the users and current practices in the construction workforce when building a system that can successfully solve the difficulties of the sector.

Project Panday also draws on advice from homeowners, contractors and professional workers as the foundation for building a centralized mobile platform. "The suggested application will give a better selection of qualified skilled personnel, enhance construction project planning and be a more efficient alternative of traditional recruiting processes by embedding user needs into the development process. Hence, the application of the Descriptive-Developmental Research Design enabled the researchers to systematically analyze the current construction workforce management process and convert the identified user requirements into the design and development of an A.I-powered mobile application that suits the needs of the intended users."

The software development technique used in the study for Project Panday: An A.I-Powered Mobile System for Construction Project Planning and Skilled Worker Recommendation is the Rapid Application Development (rad) model. The choice of rad model was primarily driven by its emphasis on quick system development through iterative prototyping, user participation, and regular review, which enables the researchers to effectively design a mobile application that caters to the demands of homeowners, contractors and skilled workers.

The Rapid Application Development (rad) model is an iterative software development strategy that speeds the system development through rapid prototyping, ongoing user interaction, and regular refining, as explained by Anugrah et al. (2024). In their study, the researchers applied the rad model coupled with the User-Centered Design (U.C.D) methodology in designing a Project Management Information System. They found that rad facilitated faster development of the system while continual user interaction assured that the generated system met the user criteria and increased the overall usability.

The results of Anugrah et al. (2024) indicate that integrating users throughout the development process leads to the construction of systems that are more functional, efficient and sensitive to user needs. Likewise, Project Panday has also adopted the rad model for the quick development of its mobile application and to continuously enhance it, taking into account the feedback and requirements of the homeowners, contractors, and skilled workers. The researchers can continuously evaluate and improve the main functionalities of the system, such as A.I-based recommendation of skilled workers, planning of construction projects, worker profile management, job request and hiring, real-time notifications, and in-app communications, through iterative prototyping. Thus, using the rad approach, the researchers may design a dependable, user-centric and functional mobile application that can efficiently aid in the planning of construction projects and skilled worker recommendation.

Analysis and Quick Design Phase. The Analysis and Quick Design Phase served as the initial stage of the Rapid Application Development (rad) model in the development of Project Panday: An A.I-Powered Mobile System for Construction Project Planning and Skilled Worker Recommendation. During this phase, the researchers identified the system requirements and developed the preliminary design of the proposed mobile application based on the needs of its intended users.

According to Dogiparthi (2019), the Rapid Application Development (rad) model accelerates software development by minimizing extensive planning activities and utilizing rapid prototyping with continuous user feedback. During the Analysis and Quick Design Phase, the primary objective is to determine the system's functional and non-functional requirements while producing an initial design that aligns with the needs and expectations of its intended users.

Following this approach, the researchers conducted interviews, surveys, and consultations with homeowners, contractors, and skilled workers to examine the existing practices in construction project planning and skilled worker selection. The data gathered identified several challenges, including the absence of a centralized platform for recruiting skilled workers, difficulties in verifying worker qualifications and experience, ineffective communication among stakeholders, and delays in identifying suitable workers for construction projects. These findings served as the basis for designing the initial framework of Project Panday, including the system architecture, database structure, user interface, navigation flow, and A.I-powered skilled worker recommendation mechanism.

The identified requirements also guided the development of the application's core functionalities, such as worker profile management, construction project planning, job request management, real-time notifications, and in-app messaging. Therefore, the Analysis and Quick Design Phase ensured that the proposed mobile application was designed according to the actual needs of its intended users and established a strong foundation for the succeeding stages of system development.

Prototype Cycle. According to Pressman and Maxim (2021), the Prototype Cycle is an iterative phase of the Rapid Application Development (rad) model in which an initial working version of the system is developed to validate user requirements and gather feedback before proceeding to full-scale development. This phase enables developers to evaluate the proposed system's functionality, identify design improvements, and refine system features based on user input. Supporting this approach, Zaher et al. (2018) developed a mobile augmented reality application for construction projects using functional prototypes tested in real construction environments.

The researchers created the B.I.M-U mobile application and the B.I.M-Phase augmented reality module to help construction professionals monitor project progress and access construction information. Their findings showed that evaluating prototypes before full implementation helped validate system functionality, identify necessary improvements, and ensure that the application met the needs of construction practitioners.

Similarly, the researchers developed an initial prototype of Project Panday based on the requirements gathered from homeowners, contractors, and skilled workers during the analysis phase. The prototype incorporated the proposed system's core functionalities, including user registration, worker profile management, A.I-powered skilled worker recommendation, construction project planning, project request management, notification services, and communication features. The prototype was presented to selected respondents to obtain comments and suggestions regarding the application's design, navigation, and functionality. The feedback gathered during this phase served as the basis for improving the proposed system before proceeding to the succeeding phases of development.

Build. According to Kim et al. (2017), developing a construction mobile application requires analyzing construction work processes, identifying functional requirements, and integrating essential system features to support project management, information sharing, and field operations. For Project Panday, the researchers developed the application's core modules based on the identified requirements of homeowners, contractors, and skilled workers. The mobile front-end was developed using React Native, allowing the application to run on Android devices while maintaining a consistent and responsive user interface.

The back-end logic and application programming interfaces (A.P.I's) were developed using the Laravel framework, which handled user authentication, data validation, and the processing of business logic such as worker recommendation generation, cost estimation, and notification handling. my-seekwel served as the relational database management system responsible for storing and managing user accounts, worker profiles, project details, and other essential records.

The development process was carried out in modular fashion, wherein each core feature, including user registration, worker profile management, A.I-powered skilled worker recommendation, construction project planning, project request management, notification services, and in-app communication, was built, tested, and integrated incrementally. This modular approach allowed the researchers to identify and resolve issues within individual components before integrating them into the centralized mobile application, ensuring that each functionality operated reliably prior to full system integration. The completed modules were then connected through restful A.P.I's to enable smooth communication between the Presentation Layer and the Application Layer, resulting in a unified and centralized mobile platform that supports construction project planning and skilled worker recommendation.

Demonstrate. According to Oliveira et al. (2022), the Demonstrate Phase involves evaluating a mobile application prototype through expert and end-user interaction to assess usability, user experience, and system functionality. For Project Panday, selected homeowners, contractors, and skilled workers were invited to use the mobile application while the researchers observed their navigation, task completion, usability concerns, and overall experience. Feedback was collected through observation, interviews, and evaluation questionnaires to identify areas that required refinement before the succeeding phases of system development.

Refine. According to Weichbroth et al. (2024), usability evaluation helps identify usability issues, interface inconsistencies, and functional limitations based on users' interactions and feedback. The results of this evaluation enable developers to refine the system's design, functionality, and overall user experience before deployment. For Project Panday, the researchers refined the mobile application based on the feedback gathered from homeowners, contractors, and skilled workers during the Demonstrate Phase. The necessary improvements were implemented to enhance the system's usability, functionality, and overall user experience before proceeding to the Testing Phase.

Testing. According to Villoria Sáez et al., testing and validation of a construction mobile application are essential to verify that the system performs according to its intended functions and meets the operational requirements of the construction industry. This phase evaluates the application's functionality, reliability, and overall performance to identify errors and ensure that the system is ready for deployment. For Project Panday, the researchers conducted functional and usability testing with selected homeowners, contractors, and skilled workers to evaluate the application's performance and identify any remaining issues. The results of the testing phase were used to correct identified errors and ensure that the system was reliable and ready for implementation.

Implementation. According to Barbarosoglu and Arditi (2016), implementing a construction mobile application requires identifying the intended users, defining the system functionalities, and ensuring that the application supports the operational needs of the construction industry before deployment. For Project Panday, the validated mobile application was deployed as a functional platform for homeowners, contractors, and skilled workers after confirming that its features met the identified user requirements. This phase marked the transition of the proposed system from a validated prototype into a fully operational mobile application ready for actual use.

Figure 3.1 summary: A diagram of the Rapid Application Development (RAD) model showing a linear flow that begins with analysis and quick design, moves into an iterative loop of prototype cycles consisting of build, demonstrate, and refine phases, and concludes with testing and implementation. This structure allows for continuous refinement of the product through repeated prototyping before final deployment.

Source of Data

To support the study with accurate and experience-based information, primary data were collected directly from individuals involved in construction projects. This approach enabled the researchers to gain a comprehensive understanding of the existing practices, challenges, and decision-making processes related to construction project planning and the selection of qualified skilled workers. The primary sources of data for this study were homeowners, contractors, and skilled workers who participated in interviews conducted by the researchers. The interviews focused on the current methods of planning construction projects, selecting skilled workers, identifying worker qualifications, communicating project requirements, and the challenges encountered during the hiring process. These discussions provided valuable insights into the existing workflow and the limitations of the traditional process, which served as the basis for identifying the functional and non-functional requirements of the proposed mobile application.

Homeowners shared their experiences in finding reliable and qualified skilled workers, the factors they considered when selecting workers, and the common difficulties they encountered throughout the construction process. Contractors provided information regarding workforce planning, worker selection criteria, project management practices, and the qualifications required for different construction tasks. Skilled workers contributed insights regarding their work experience, technical skills, availability, employment opportunities, and the challenges they encountered in obtaining construction projects. The information gathered from these respondents enabled the researchers to identify the features and functionalities necessary for developing Project Panday: An A.I-Powered Mobile System for Construction Project Planning and Skilled Worker Recommendation.

Secondary data were gathered from scholarly journals, books, published thesis, government publications, and other credible online resources related to construction project management, skilled worker recommendation, artificial intelligence, mobile application development, and the Rapid Application Development (rad) model. These sources provided theoretical and technical foundations for the study, supported the review of related literature, and guided the researchers in designing, developing, and evaluating the proposed mobile application. The selection of these references was based on their relevance, credibility, and contribution to achieving the objectives of the study.

System Architecture

The Project Panday System is based on a Three-Tier Client-Server Architecture that consists of the Presentation Layer, the Application Layer and the Data Layer. Gillis (2024) describes a three-tier design that isolates an application into three logical layers, each with a separate duty. The Presentation Layer is responsible for user interface, the Application Layer is responsible for business logic and system operations, and the Data Layer is responsible for data storage and management. This architectural style encourages modularity by partitioning the user interface, application processing and database management into discrete components.

The Project Panday System is built with three tier design which offers better maintainability, scalability, security and overall system performance. By isolating each layer by its function, changes to one layer can be made without substantially affecting the other layers. The solution uses React Native as Presentation Layer, Laravel as backend framework of Application Layer, and my-seekwel as relational database management system of Data Layer. Communication between these layers is performed by restful A.P.I's over the H.T.T.P/H.T.T.P.S protocol ensuring a secure and efficient exchange of data.

Project Panday System Architecture

Figure 3.2 System Architecture

As shown in Figure 3.2, the system begins with the users such as homeowners, contractors, skilled workers and administrators who will access the Project Panday System via the React Native mobile application. The Presentation Layer receives user input and delivers queries to the Laravel backend server utilizing restful A.P.I's over H.T.T.P/H.T.T.P.S.

Figure 3.2 summary: A diagram showing the data flow of Project Panday. Homeowners and workers use mobile devices, while admins use web interfaces to send and receive information via the internet to a server and database. This structure enables different user roles to interact with the Project Panday system through various digital endpoints.

The Laravel backend is the Application Layer that is responsible for validating incoming requests, authenticating users, executing the business logic of the system, and performing application functions such as project management, worker recommendation generation, cost estimation, ratings and reviews, notifications, and administrative operations. The Application Layer connects with the my-seekwel database using secure database queries whenever data has to be retrieved or stored.

The Data Layer is the my-seekwel database that stores and manages all the critical data of the system such as user accounts, homeowner profiles, contractor and skilled workers' records, construction projects' data, worker skills, certifications, recommendations, ratings, reviews, and notifications. After processing the required operations, the obtained or updated information is returned to the Laravel backend, which prepares the response and sends it back to the React

Native mobile application through the restful A.P.I. The mobile application presents the processed information to the user, allowing further interaction with the system.

This architecture makes sure that the three layers are well separated in terms of duties which improves the system maintainability, security, data management efficiency and scalability for future system upgrades.

Hardware and Software Requirements

The development and implementation of Project Panday: An A.I-Powered Mobile System for Construction Project Planning and Skilled Worker Recommendation require appropriate hardware and software resources to ensure efficient system development, testing, and deployment. The hardware specifications provide the minimum requirements for running the application and development tools, while the software requirements consist of the applications, frameworks, and services used in designing, developing, and evaluating the proposed system.

Hardware Requirements

Hardware requirements refer to the physical computing resources necessary to develop, test, deploy, and operate a software system. According to Pressman and Maxim (2021), adequate hardware resources are essential for supporting software development, testing, deployment, and overall system performance. Sufficient processor capability, memory, storage, and network connectivity contribute to a stable and efficient software development environment.

Table 3.1 presents the required hardware specifications necessary for the creation and execution of Project Panday. These requirements offer enough computational capacity for React Native application development, Laravel backend processing, my-seekwel database management, Android application testing, and A.I-powered recommendation processing, while maintaining dependable system performance.

Table 3.1 summary: Minimum hardware specifications for the system. For computers, the requirements include an Intel Core i5 10th Generation or AMD Ryzen 5 processor, at least 8 GB of RAM, though 16 GB is recommended, and a 256 GB SSD or higher. A stable internet connection is required, and the display resolution is listed as 1920 by 10 to the 80th power. For mobile devices, an Android smartphone running Android 10 or higher is required, with a minimum of 8 GB of RAM and 64 GB of storage.

Software Requirements

Software requirements include the operating systems, development tools, programming languages, frameworks, database management systems, and supporting applications needed to develop, test, deploy, and maintain a software application. According to Pressman and Maxim

, software engineering relies on the integration of appropriate tools, frameworks, and technologies to support efficient development, system maintainability, scalability, and reliable software performance.

The software technologies selected for Project Panday were chosen because they support cross-platform mobile application development, secure backend processing, efficient database management, and collaborative software development. React Native allows for fast mobile application development, Laravel offers secure server-side processing and restful A.P.I development, and my-seekwel guarantees reliable data storage and retrieval.

database administration, A.P.I testing, version control, and system deployment. As a whole, these technologies offer a comprehensive software development environment for building, testing, and sustaining the proposed mobile application.

Frontend Specifications

The frontend serves as the presentation layer of Project Panday, providing the graphical user interface through which homeowners, contractors, skilled workers, and administrators interact with the mobile application. According to Bossard (2023), modern user interface development emphasizes responsive design, usability, and efficient interaction to improve the overall user experience of software applications.

The frontend of Project Panday was developed to provide simple navigation, project planning interfaces, worker recommendation displays, notifications, messaging, and account management tools that improve user interaction with the application.

Table 3.3 Frontend Technologies

Table 3.3 delineates the frontend technologies utilized for Project Panday. These technologies offer responsive interfaces, seamless navigation, effective connection with the backend server, and an enhanced user experience for homeowners, contractors, skilled personnel, and administrators.

Table 3.3 summary: The frontend technology stack for the Android application. It utilizes React Native as the cross-platform framework, JavaScript as the primary programming language, and Expo for building, testing, and deployment. Screen transitions are managed by React Navigation, while Axios serves as the HTTP client for communication with the Laravel RESTful API.

Backend Specifications

The backend functions as the application layer responsible for processing user requests, executing business logic, managing user authentication, and communicating with the database through restful A.P.I's. According to Kotstein and Bogner (2021), well-designed restful A.P.I's improve software quality by enhancing maintainability, usability, and compatibility through standardized communication between software components.

The backend of Project Panday manages project planning data, employee profiles, recommendation processing, notifications, messaging, user authentication, and administrative functions.

Table 3.4 Backend Technologies

Table 3.4 delineates the backend technologies utilized for Project Panday. These technologies provide safe user identification, effective database administration, A.I-powered worker recommendation processing, notification services, and reliable connection between the mobile application and the server.

Table 3.4 summary: The technology stack used for the project, featuring Laravel as the PHP framework for RESTful APIs and business logic, PHP for server-side scripting, and MySQL as the relational database management system. The environment is supported by phpMyAdmin for database administration and XAMPP for the local server environment.

Instrumentation and Data Collection

The main research instruments used in this study are semi-structured interviews, survey questionnaires, and System Usability Scale (sus). These instruments were utilized to gather the data needed in developing and evaluating Project Panday: An A.I-Powered Mobile System for Construction Project Planning and Skilled Worker Recommendation.

The semi-structured interview was conducted with one (1) contractor and one (1) general manager of a construction and engineering services company. Semi-structured interviews are qualitative data gathering tools that consist of pre-determined questions, but also allow the interviewer to ask follow-up questions based on the participant's responses. DeJonckheere and Vaughn (2019) explain that semi-structured interviews are useful for researchers to get detailed information while investigating the experience, viewpoint, and perspective of the participants.

This research instrument was selected as it is capable of collecting in-depth information on the present construction project planning process, skilled worker selection, current obstacles and the functional requirements for the development of the proposed system.

Structured survey questionnaires were administered to the selected respondents, which included construction workers, homeowners and information technology (I.T) specialists. The survey questionnaire is a research tool, which is designed to collect information from respondents in a methodical manner about the subject or phenomenon of interest. The questionnaire was divided into three sections, the demographic profile of the respondent, present practices and obstacles in planning a building project and selecting the workers, and Evaluation of the proposed system. The questionnaire was sent via Google Forms, which allowed respondents to answer electronically. According to Evans and Mathur (2018), online surveys are an efficient and cost-effective method of gathering research data and enhancing accessibility, response management and data accuracy. The survey questionnaires assisted the researchers to get standardized replies from different respondents and evaluate the data collected efficiently.

The researchers used the System Usability Scale (sus) as a way to evaluate the usability of the proposed system. The System Usability Scale is a typical usability assessment tool consisting of ten (10) statements that measure user perceived ease of use and overall satisfaction with a software program or information system. According to Lewis (2018), the sus is a reliable and commonly used usability evaluation technique that provides a quick and effective measurement of the overall usability of a system in many types of software applications. The respondents evaluated Project Panday by answering the ten sus statements on a five-point Likert scale from Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree. The sus is a proven usability evaluation method that delivers dependable and objective results concerning the users' perception of the system's usability and overall acceptability, which is why the researchers chose to utilize it.

Data gathering was carried out based on the Rapid Application Development (rad) methodology. Quick Application Development (rad) is a software development process that stresses iterative development, quick prototyping, and continuous user feedback throughout the system development life cycle. In the Requirements Planning phase, the researchers conducted interviews with the contractor and the general manager and distributed survey questionnaires to determine the present construction project planning process, the worker selection procedures, the existing issues and the user requirements. The suggested mobile application was planned and constructed during the User Design and Rapid Construction phases based on the requirements gathered and the feedback from the respondents. Finally, the completed system was tested in the Cutover phase using the System Usability Scale (sus). This systematic data collecting technique guaranteed that the development of Project Panday was based on genuine industry practices, user needs, and a standardized usability review process.

Tools for Data Analysis

Thematic Analysis. The researchers used Thematic Analysis (T.A) to examine the qualitative data obtained from the semi-structured interviews conducted with one (1) contractor and one (1) general manager from a construction and engineering services company. Thematic Analysis is a qualitative data analysis method used to identify, analyze, and interpret recurring patterns or themes within textual data. According to Braun and Clarke (2021), thematic analysis provides a systematic and flexible approach to analyzing qualitative data by identifying meaningful patterns that reflect the participants' experiences and perspectives.

The researchers analyzed the interview responses by coding significant statements, grouping similar ideas, and identifying recurring themes related to construction project planning. worker selection, workforce management, and existing challenges. The identified themes served as the basis for determining the functional and non-functional requirements of Project Panday and guided the development of the proposed system.

Five-Point Likert Scale. The researchers used the Five-Point Likert Scale to assess respondents' agreement over the quality and acceptability of Project Panday: An A.I-Powered

Mobile System for Construction Project Planning and Skilled Worker Recommendation. The questionnaire had five response categories, from Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree, assigned numerical values from one (1) to five (5).

The Five-Point Likert Scale is a popular assessment tool in survey research in which participants are asked to state their level of agreement/disagreement with a particular subject. According to Taherdoost (2019), the Likert Scale is an effective instrument to measure attitudes, perceptions, views and satisfaction, and it yields quantitative data that can be used for statistical analysis.

To measure the respondents' evaluation of the usability of the proposed system using the System Usability Scale (sus), the researchers employed the Weighted Mean. The respondents assessed Project Panday using the 10 (ten) standardized sus statements. The weighted mean obtained for each statement was evaluated based on its associated verbal meaning to assess the overall usability and user acceptance of Project Panday. In addition, the individual replies were converted to an aggregate sus score to assess the perceived usability of the system according to the standard sus scoring technique.

Weighted Mean. The Weighted Mean was used to analyze the quantitative data gathered through the survey questionnaires administered to homeowners, construction workers, and Information Technology (I.T) professionals. The Weighted Mean is a statistical tool used to determine the average response of the respondents by assigning numerical weights to each response. It is commonly used in studies that employ a five-point Likert scale because it summarizes the overall evaluation of each survey item.

The researchers used the Weighted Mean to determine the respondents' assessment of the usability of the proposed system based on the System Usability Scale (sus). The respondents evaluated Project Panday using the ten (10) standardized sus statements. The computed weighted mean for each statement was interpreted using the corresponding verbal interpretation to determine the overall usability and user acceptability of Project Panday. In addition, the individual responses were converted into an overall sus score to measure the system's perceived usability based on the standard sus scoring procedure.

To calculate the average (mean) Likert score for a question:

: Math summary: This expression calculates the weighted mean Likert score for a question. It divides the sum of the product of frequencies and their corresponding values by the total number of responses.

W.M = Weighted Mean

sigma equals Summation f = Frequency of responses x = Numerical weight assigned to each response

N = Total number of respondents

The calculated weighted mean was analyzed according to the scale outlined in Table 3.2. A weighted mean ranging from 4.21 to 5.00 indicates that the respondents strongly agreed with the evaluation criterion, while a weighted mean ranging from 1.00 to 1.80 indicates that the respondents strongly disagreed. The verbal interpretations served as the basis for determining the overall quality and acceptability of Project Panday.

Table 3.2 summary: The software requirements for Project Panday, including the operating system and development tools. The environment uses Windows 11 and Visual Studio Code for editing, with React Native as the mobile application development framework. Android Studio provides the SDK and emulator, while Git and GitHub are used for version control. For data and documentation, the project utilizes Google Forms for survey distribution, Microsoft Excel for tabulation and statistical analysis, and Microsoft Word for documentation preparation.

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Table 3.5 summary: A five-point Likert scale used for measuring responses, where a numerical value of 1 corresponds to Strongly Disagree, 2 to Disagree, 3 to Neutral, 4 to Agree, and 5 to Strongly Agree.

Table 3.6 summary: A scale for interpreting weighted mean scores, where values from 4.21 to 5.00 are interpreted as Strongly Agree and 3.41 to 4.20 as Agree. Scores between 2.61 and 3.40 are Neutral, 1.81 to 2.60 are Disagree, and the lowest range from 1.00 to 1.80 is Strongly Disagree.