The Johari Window Model

Additional context

This document situates the Johari Window within the foundational lineage of 20th-century social psychology, which sought to formalize the study of interpersonal dynamics and communicative transparency. By integrating Luft and Ingham's framework with the multidimensional nature of human identity—encompassing physical, psychological, and spiritual facets—the research bridges the gap between individual introspection and collective group efficacy. This work builds upon the classic humanistic tradition of self-actualization, evolving earlier theories of self-perception into a practical diagnostic tool for modern professional development. It reflects a broader scholarly commitment to unraveling the complexities of social cognition, where the 'blind spot' identified in the model becomes a critical nexus for improving organizational cohesion and emotional intelligence. Consequently, the study serves as a conceptual precursor to contemporary neuroscience and behavioral psychology efforts that map how internal mental representations influence our external social interactions.

- is an exercise that helps you gain a better understanding of yourself and how others see you. It was created by psychologists Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham in 1955 as part of their work on group dynamics.

Self

- The way one sees, perceives, define oneself apart from the other.

- It is the union of elements

- to namely: body (physical attributes), thoughts (the way you think and perceive things), feelings or emotions, and sensations (your experience prompts you to act and behave the way you do) that constitute the individuality and identity of a person.

Three Dimension of Self

1. Physical Dimension

- Visible to other people (using eyes)

- Ex. skin color, type of hair, height etcetera

- Physical body of a human being. It includes the processes, function mechanism from the cells as the smallest units, the tissues, the organs

- Responsible for keeping us alive, walking, talking and breathing

2. Psychological Dimension

- How we think (behavior)

- Contains the concept of stress, cognition, behavior, attitude, emotion and ultimately, personality.

- >→ less than / Behavior - The way we acts unconsciously

- to Attitude - The way our emotion reacts

★ Attitude refers to an expression of the way one feels. Behavior is the way that someone acts.

- Refers to the individual as a set of characteristics, behaviors, attitudes, cognitions, and emotions.

3. Spiritual Dimension

- Religious aspect, faith, you believe in things you cannot see

- It encompasses a high level of faith, hope and commitment to your individual beliefs, that provides a sense of meaning and purpose.

- Its Willingness to seek meaning and purpose in human existence, to question everything and to appreciate the things which cannot be really explained or understood.

- This dimension cannot be observed but can be subjectively altered and perceived by the person.

- It holds a relevance to a perceived existence of God, of a greater good, or of a superior being relating to humble individual

Attitude and Its Component

A key factor in personality development is attitude

- a settled way of thinking and feeling about someone or something, typically reflecting in a person's behavior.

- Attitude manifests itself as a behavior, as a representative of personality. Attitude can be both implicit and explicit.

Implicit attitudes

- are thoughts or feelings that conscious awareness does not cover. One where an individual's feelings or opinions on some matter exist without conscious awareness.

Implicit

- thoughts or feelings that are consciously unexpressed clearly or directly understood.

- Somehow related to mannerism

Explicit

- can be perceived consciously and expressed accordingly.

- Deliberate and conscious attitudes.

Image summary: A side-by-side comparison diagram illustrating the difference between explicit and implicit communication. On the left, a person states a direct demand for a pay rise or they will leave, which is labeled as very explicit and clear. On the right, a person says they will review their options if they don't see more appreciation, which is labeled as quite implicit and implied. The point is to contrast direct, unambiguous language with indirect, suggested meaning.

1. Affect

- Is the term used to represent emotions directed to the self, the environment and to others.

- Attitude cannot be fully described or defined by a single component of perceived emotion.

2. Cognition

- Is the way we think

- It encompasses our thoughts and different levels, ranging from ourselves to our environment, from imaginary to perceivable reality.

3. Behavior

- Is the action form, or manifestation of attitude. Without attitude, affect, and cognition, behavior will be rendered baseless and ungrounded.

- Activities of organisms that can be observed by another organism.

- Observable

3 Components of Attitude

- Affective Component: How the object, person, issue, or event makes you feel.

- Behavioral Component: How you respond to someone or something that elicits a set of feelings and beliefs. This can be a verbal or a physical response.

- Cognitive Component: Your perception, ideas, and beliefs about the subject matter.

What's the Difference Between Attitude & Behavior

Attitude - refers to expression or the way one's feels

Behavior - is the way that someone acts Although the two are related, they are distinct from one another as attitude focuses on how one feels, and behavior deals with one's actions. However, one's attitude is often expressed through their behavior.

• Attitude affects behavior as behavior affects attitude.

Factors That Influence Attitude

1. Social Factors

Influence attitude heavily. Your roles in a social environment and of course, the Social Norm that tell you what to do and what to do in social situations also affect attitude.

- This factor is related to upbringing as well. Our parents, elders and peers set examples to actions we would later on conform to and sometimes, we will not even know why.

2. Learning

- We tend to associate what we observed with their attitude and employ the same mindset.

- It is a practical use of Classical Conditioning

• Association

- Observation

• Identification

- Seeing and feeling desirable results with repetitive application of stimulus

3. Operant Conditioning

- a type of learning where behavior is controlled by consequences /matter of consequences, pleasant or unpleasant that our attitude towards it is affected.

- Modelling - You get their behavior because you imitate them; copying others behavior

- Authority - Those you look up to

- Admiration & Adoration - You admire someone — celebrity, you buy any of their products because you admire them

- Imitation - Act of copying others' behavior

- Ability to learn through observation

4. Modeling

- When someone particularly close to us, a person we admire or adore, or a parent does something, it is more likely we would be doing the same thing they are doing.

- Ex. If our parents loved playing musical instrument, we as kids would likely imitate them and their attitude

Attitude is a prominent factor in personality. If you know how it is created, you can know how to handle it especially when you need to. It is a matter of self monitoring

2 Definitions

Definition 1: Self-concept: An individual's perception of their own characteristics, abilities, and qualities.

Definition 2: Self-esteem: An individual's overall sense of self-worth or personal value.

Self-concept & Self-esteem

Self-concept

- Is our cognition to ourselves, what we think and know about our identity, personality, and individuality.

- Your overall understanding and perception of who you are

- Focus on the question; “Who am I?”

Self-esteem

- It does not focus on how we know ourselves but rather our attitude towards ourselves

- Self esteem is how we value ourselves, given the negative or positive feedback we receive

- Not letting yourself be affected by what other people say

- Your evaluation or judgement of your self-worth based on your self concept

- Focus on the question: “How do I feel about myself?”

Self Concept: I'm not good in sports

Self-esteem: I feel embarrassed and left out during P.E class

Self Concept: I'm a responsible student Self-esteem: I feel good about myself because I always submit my work on time

Personal effectiveness means making use of all the personal resources – talents, skills, energy and time, to enable you to achieve life goals.

Talents first are needed to be identified and then developed to be used in a particular subject area (science, literature, sports, politics, etcetera).

Experience includes knowledge and skills that we acquire in the process of cognitive and practical activities.

Knowledge is required for setting goals, defining an action plan to achieve them and risk assessment.

Skills also determine whether real actions are performed in accordance with the plan.

Skills that will greatly increase the efficiency of any person who owns them:

- Determination - Your urge to do the things

- to Self-confidence - You trust yourself that you can do it

- to Persistence - Keep going even if there is hindrance

- to Managing stress-How you cope up your stress

- to Problem-solving skills

- right arrow Creativity

- Generating ideas

Ideal Self versus Actual Self

Ideal Self

- is the self you aspire to be.

- It is the one that you hope you will possess characteristics similar to that of a mentor or some other worldly figure.

Actual Self

- is the one that you actually see.

- It is the self that has characteristics that you were nurtured or, in some cases, born to have.

Holistic

- View as a whole

Lesson 2: Holistic Development

- Characterized by the belief that the parts of something are interconnected.

- The understanding of the relationship between all the parts of a whole.

Holistic Approach in Solving Problems

- A holistic approach starts by first identifying an obstacle.

- Then, taking a step back to understand the situation as a whole.

- You will break down the problem, the different aspects or reasons why the problem happened, for you to be able to solve it.

Holistic Development

- Refers to human development that is meant to involve all the parts of a person.

Changes During Puberty

- There are various elements involved in the holistic development of an individual.

1. Physiological Development

- The changes are preparing you to become physically capable of biological reproduction.

- Rapid body growth

- Hair growth

• Muscle modification

Physical Self

- Description of your height, weight, facial appearance, and quality of skin, hair, and

- Descriptions of body areas such as your neck, chest, waist, and legs.

- How individual view his health condition, body and physical appearance

2. Cognitive Development

- The brain continues to develop.

- You are beginning to think from concrete to conceptualize theoretical ideas.

- Problems are now being evaluated logically and scientifically.

- How you become mature in your thinking.

Intellectual Self

- How well you reason and solve problems, your capacity to learn and create, your general amount of knowledge, your specific areas of knowledge, wisdom you have acquired, and insights you have.

3. Psychological Development

- Changes in the emotions, feelings, moods and manner of thinking.

- Ongoing establishment of strongly held beliefs, values, and goals in life.

- During adolescence individuals undergo the process of self-evaluation which leads to long range goal setting, emotional and maturity.

Behavior and attitude

Emotional Self

- Typical feelings you have, feelings you seldom have, feelings you try to avoid, feelings you especially enjoy, feelings from your past and present, and feelings which are associated with each other.

4. Social Development

- You begin to rely more on your friends or peer groups for support than on your family.

- However, you are more prone to peer pressure.

Interactional Self

- Descriptions of your strengths and weaknesses in intimate relationships, friends, family, classmates, and strangers in social settings.

- The strengths and weaknesses which your friends and family notice are the kind of son or daughter, brother or sister you are.

- Your behavior depends on the people you interact with

Nutritional Self

- How you nourish yourself, what foods do you like and dislike, what do you like and dislike about these foods.

- Focus on your wellness and health side

5. Spiritual Development

- You begin to have interest in spiritual concerns. You start pondering on questions concerning existence, essence, spirituality, religion and God.

Let Us Evaluate Using

1. Thoughts

- Represent cognition / the mental process

- It interpret physical information we gather, usually originate from things we have learned, whether in a right way or in a wrong way

Irrational Beliefs

- Are defined as personal truths that aren't grounded in reality.

- An example of such a belief is that one must be loved and approved of by everyone in order to be happy or to have a sense of self-worth. This is irrational because it cannot possibly be achieved.

- Ex. “I should be good looking.” or “I am not enough.”

- These statements affect us -

- consciously or

- subconsciously.

Self-Blame Cognition

- Children from broken families, Where parents fight each other. Children blame themselves

- They think that there is no one to blame because they perceive their parents as perfect models especially when they are still young.

Cognition - “It's all my fault”, “I couldn't keep them together”.

- These will affect the child's attitude regarding self that results in maladaptive attitudes and behaviors.

Narcissistic Cognition

- Some kids are too praised by their parents

• “You are perfect.”

- He might think that he is perfect.

- A situation wherein the child will always strive to be perfect and above others not for self attainment.

- “Perfect image.”

- When they fail...they will bash themselves because they failed their parents' statement.

- They could become perfectionists.

- Their perfectionist demands to themselves will be projected onto others.

- Higher expectations mean higher frustrations.

You have reached the end of the document.